ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Physicists detect a hybrid particle held together by uniquely intense 'glue'
• Invasive species ‘hitchhiking’ on tourist and research ships threaten Antarctica’s unique ecosystems
• Coastal ecosystem being destabilized by climate change
• Scientists uncover new information about cellular death process, previously thought to be irreversible
• New research on magnetite in salmon noses illuminates understanding of sensory mechanisms enabling magnetic perception across life
• New graft strategy may improve outcomes for blood stem cell recipients
• Researchers discover fossil of new species of pangolin in Europe
• Successful transplant of porcine heart into adult human with end-stage heart disease
• Personalizing treatment for severe limb injuries
• The ‘surprisingly simple’ arithmetic of smell
• Fishers facing pressure from wildfires, salvage logging
• New study links gut fungi to intestinal inflammation in Crohn’s disease patients
• Gauging the resilience of complex networks
• New approach can help identify young children most at risk for obesity
• New neural circuits discovered that regulate spatial learning and memory in the brain’s hippocampal formation
• Researchers develop optical biopsy system that detects liver cancer
• Astronomers identify potential clue to reinonization of universe
• Unexpected benefits from food competitors
• Ocean physics explain cyclones on Jupiter
• Recent growth and sudden declines in Antarctic sea ice to be unique changes since the early 20th century
• Chemists use DNA to build the world’s tiniest antenna
• Pheasants lose their cool after fighting
• Will this new superpower molecule revolutionize science?
• Fewer than 1 in 5 adults with Type 2 diabetes in the U.S. are meeting optimal heart health targets
• How triclosan, found in many consumer products, is triggered to harm the gut
• A crowning achievement in understanding head development
• Cancer therapy using on-site synthesis of anticancer drugs
• Unraveling the complexity of vitamin B12 diseases
• Medieval warhorses were surprisingly small in stature
• Breakthrough into the cause of male infertility
• Catalyst surface analysed at atomic resolution
• New bacteria in UK waters as temperatures rise
• Improved motor, sensory, and cognitive recovery of hand and arm function after stroke
• Scientists reduce all-solid-state battery resistance by heating

Physicists detect a hybrid particle held together by uniquely intense 'glue' Posted: 10 Jan 2022 03:49 PM PST Physicists detected a hybrid particle that is a mashup of an electron and a phonon, 'glued' together with an exceptionally strong bond. It may be possible to tune the two components in tandem, enabling scientists to apply voltage or light to a material to tune not just its electrical properties but also its magnetism.

Invasive species ‘hitchhiking’ on tourist and research ships threaten Antarctica’s unique ecosystems Posted: 10 Jan 2022 03:49 PM PST Marine life hitching a ride on ocean-crossing ships poses a threat to Antarctica's pristine ecosystems, with the potential for invasive species to arrive from almost anywhere across the globe, say the authors of a new study.

Coastal ecosystem being destabilized by climate change Posted: 10 Jan 2022 03:49 PM PST Ecological communities on the Oregon coast are being subtly destabilized by the pressures of climate change despite giving an appearance of stress resistance, new research shows.

Scientists uncover new information about cellular death process, previously thought to be irreversible Posted: 10 Jan 2022 03:48 PM PST Researchers report a new method for analyzing pyroptosis -- the process of cell death that is usually caused by infections and results in excess inflammation in the body -- and show that the process, long thought to be irreversible once initiated, can in fact be halted and controlled. The discovery means that scientists have a new way to study diseases that are related to malfunctioning cell death processes and infections that can be complicated by out-of-control inflammation.

New research on magnetite in salmon noses illuminates understanding of sensory mechanisms enabling magnetic perception across life Posted: 10 Jan 2022 03:48 PM PST Scientists suggest magnetite crystals that form inside specialized receptor cells of salmon and other animals may have roots in ancient genetic systems that were developed by bacteria and passed to animals long ago through evolutionary genetics.

New graft strategy may improve outcomes for blood stem cell recipients Posted: 10 Jan 2022 03:48 PM PST Removing one type of T cell from donor blood used for stem cell grafts could greatly reduce a serious complication called graft-versus-host disease in patients with leukemia, according to a new study.

Researchers discover fossil of new species of pangolin in Europe Posted: 10 Jan 2022 03:48 PM PST Deeper analysis of fossils from one of Eastern Europe's most significant paleontological sites has led to the discovery of a new species of pangolin, previously thought to have existed in Europe during the early Pleistocene but not confirmed until now.

Successful transplant of porcine heart into adult human with end-stage heart disease Posted: 10 Jan 2022 03:30 PM PST In a first-of-its-kind surgery, a 57-year-old patient with terminal heart disease received a successful transplant of a genetically-modified pig heart and is still doing well three days later.

Personalizing treatment for severe limb injuries Posted: 10 Jan 2022 11:53 AM PST Scientists have developed an innovative technique using small wearable sensors to gather data on how people -- who have suffered from a traumatic hand amputation -- use a prothesis versus a transplanted hand in everyday life. So far, the data shows people with a transplanted hand demonstrate a more balanced use of their hands than those who use a prothesis.

The ‘surprisingly simple’ arithmetic of smell Posted: 10 Jan 2022 11:53 AM PST Researchers studying locusts have found that the presence of smell can be determined by simply adding and subtracting the presence of certain neurons.

Fishers facing pressure from wildfires, salvage logging Posted: 10 Jan 2022 11:52 AM PST The recovery of the fisher, a charismatic, long-tailed forest carnivore, will likely be hindered by the increasing frequency and intensity of future wildfires, new research indicates.

New study links gut fungi to intestinal inflammation in Crohn’s disease patients Posted: 10 Jan 2022 11:52 AM PST Results of a new study represent a step toward improving our understanding of Crohn's disease and the factors that cause its intestinal inflammation.

Gauging the resilience of complex networks Posted: 10 Jan 2022 10:27 AM PST Whether a transformer catches fire in a power grid, a species disappears from an ecosystem, or water floods a city street, many systems can absorb a certain amount of disruption. But how badly does a single failure weaken the network? And how much damage can it take before it tips into collapse?

New approach can help identify young children most at risk for obesity Posted: 10 Jan 2022 10:27 AM PST Newly developed risk scores synthesize genetic information into an easy-to-interpret metric that could help clinicians identify young children most at risk of developing obesity. The study used a novel statistical methods to establish scoring criteria using data collected from children from birth to three years of age.

New neural circuits discovered that regulate spatial learning and memory in the brain’s hippocampal formation Posted: 10 Jan 2022 08:41 AM PST A research team has discovered new neural circuits that regulate spatial learning and memory in the brain's hippocampal formation. The team identified novel functional roles of new circuit connections between the venal CA1 region and dorsal CA3 regions of the hippocampus and demonstrated that genetic inactivation of this projection impairs object-related spatial learning and memory, but does not modulate anxiety-related behaviors.

Researchers develop optical biopsy system that detects liver cancer Posted: 10 Jan 2022 08:41 AM PST Researchers have developed an optical biopsy system that can distinguish between cancerous and healthy liver tissue. The technology makes use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and lifetime fluorescence measurements to evaluate makers of cellular metabolism that differ between healthy and cancerous cells. The system has higher accuracy than traditional biopsies, possibly making liver cancer diagnosis easier.

Astronomers identify potential clue to reinonization of universe Posted: 10 Jan 2022 08:41 AM PST Astronomers have identified a potential clue to how the universe became reionized after the Big Bang. The researchers identified a black hole, a million times as bright as our sun, that may have been similar to the sources that powered the universe's reionization.

Unexpected benefits from food competitors Posted: 10 Jan 2022 08:41 AM PST A research team has found that gravid tobacco hawkmoths (Manduca sexta) show an unusual preference for Datura plants that are already infested with leaf beetles when laying their eggs. The beetles and their larvae actually compete with tobacco hornworms, the larvae of Manduca, for food. Plants infested by beetles change their odor profile and increase the production of the substance alpha-copaene, making them, however, more attractive to tobacco hawkmoths. Despite food competition, tobacco hornworms seem to benefit from their mothers' choice of such host plants because in the presence of beetles and their larvae they are better protected from parasitic wasps that avoid beetle-infested plants. The researchers were also able to identify the tobacco hawkmoths' olfactory receptor that controls this behavior.

Ocean physics explain cyclones on Jupiter Posted: 10 Jan 2022 08:41 AM PST Images from NASA's June Spacecraft have given oceanographers the raw materials for a new study that describes the rich turbulence at Jupiter's poles and the physical forces that drive the large cyclones.

Recent growth and sudden declines in Antarctic sea ice to be unique changes since the early 20th century Posted: 10 Jan 2022 08:41 AM PST Researchers show that the increase of sea ice surrounding Antarctica since 1979 is a unique feature of Antarctic climate since 1905 -- an observation that paints a dramatic first-ever picture for weather and climate implications on the world's southernmost continent.

Chemists use DNA to build the world’s tiniest antenna Posted: 10 Jan 2022 07:33 AM PST An easy-to-use device promises to help scientists better understand natural and human-designed nanotechnologies -- and identify new drugs.

Pheasants lose their cool after fighting Posted: 10 Jan 2022 07:33 AM PST Pheasants' heads cool rapidly as they prepare to fight -- then heat up afterwards, new research shows.

Will this new superpower molecule revolutionize science? Posted: 10 Jan 2022 07:32 AM PST Researchers report the creation of an artificial molecule with superpowers. It has the potential to revolutionize nanotechnology -- and it also explains one of Nature's intriguing enigmas; why do we have a right hand and a left hand? The researchers describe their supermolecule as a marriage between DNA and peptides.

Fewer than 1 in 5 adults with Type 2 diabetes in the U.S. are meeting optimal heart health targets Posted: 10 Jan 2022 07:32 AM PST Fewer than 1 in 5 adults with Type 2 diabetes in the U.S. meet suggested targets to reduce elevated heart disease risk. Improving heart health among people with Type 2 diabetes requires incorporating new evidence-based approaches that address social determinants of health and other barriers to effective treatment.

How triclosan, found in many consumer products, is triggered to harm the gut Posted: 10 Jan 2022 07:32 AM PST Increasingly, research links triclosan, an antimicrobial found in thousands of consumer products, with the gut microbiome and gut inflammation. A new study looks at the potential for combating damage to the intestine. The findings suggest new approaches for improving the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

A crowning achievement in understanding head development Posted: 10 Jan 2022 07:32 AM PST To understand how cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) help form many more body parts than the skull and facial skeleton, scientists from the lab of Gage Crump created a series of atlases over time to understand the molecular decisions by which CNCCs commit to forming specific tissues in developing zebrafish. The researchers labeled and tracked CNCCs throughout the lifetime of zebrafish. With the help of a new computational analysis they created, they identified genetic signs that point to the specific tissues CNCCs were destined to form. The researchers also identified many of the potential switches that allow CNCCs to form these very different cell types.

Cancer therapy using on-site synthesis of anticancer drugs Posted: 10 Jan 2022 07:32 AM PST Researchers have successfully treated cancer in mice using metal catalysts that assemble anticancer drugs together inside the body. This study is the first report of therapeutic in vivo synthetic chemistry being used to make anticancer substances where they are needed simply by injecting their ingredients through a vein. Because this technique avoids indiscriminate tissue damage, it is expected to have a significant impact on cancer treatment.

Unraveling the complexity of vitamin B12 diseases Posted: 10 Jan 2022 07:32 AM PST Researchers unravel the genetic complexity two rare inherited vitamin B12 conditions identifying them as hybrid syndromes that are both a vitamin B12 disorder and a disease of ribosomes, the protein-building machinery of the cell.

Medieval warhorses were surprisingly small in stature Posted: 10 Jan 2022 07:32 AM PST Medieval warhorses are often depicted as massive and powerful beasts, but in reality many were no more than pony-sized by modern standards, a new study shows.

Breakthrough into the cause of male infertility Posted: 10 Jan 2022 07:32 AM PST Scientists have identified a new genetic mechanism that can cause severe forms of male infertility. This breakthrough in understanding the underlying cause of male infertility offers hope of better treatment options for patients in the future.

Catalyst surface analysed at atomic resolution Posted: 10 Jan 2022 07:32 AM PST A research team has visualized the three-dimensional structure of the surface of catalyst nanoparticles at atomic resolution. This structure plays a decisive role in the activity and stability of the particles. The detailed insights were achieved with a combination of atom probe tomography, spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Nanoparticle catalysts can be used, for example, in the production of hydrogen for the chemical industry. To optimize the performance of future catalysts, it is essential to understand how it is affected by the three-dimensional structure.

New bacteria in UK waters as temperatures rise Posted: 10 Jan 2022 07:32 AM PST Rising temperatures are causing a 'growing diversity' of Vibrio bacteria in the sea around the UK, new research shows.

Improved motor, sensory, and cognitive recovery of hand and arm function after stroke Posted: 07 Jan 2022 09:14 AM PST Stroke survivors have improved recovery of hand and arm function with the help a new rehabilitation protocol thanks to finely tuned electrostimulation of target muscles in the arm.

Scientists reduce all-solid-state battery resistance by heating Posted: 07 Jan 2022 05:44 AM PST All-solid-state batteries are now one step closer to becoming the powerhouse of next-generation electronics as researchers introduce a strategy to restore their low electrical resistance. They also explore the underlying reduction mechanism, paving the way for a more fundamental understanding of the workings of all-solid-state lithium batteries.

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