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• Unprecedented view of a single catalyst nanoparticle at work
• Marine heatwaves could wipe out an extra six per cent of a country’s fish catches, costing millions their jobs
• Two-dimensional hybrid metal halide device allows control of terahertz emissions
• Age and aging have critical effects on the gut microbiome
• What you need to know about urinary tract infections
• Morality demonstrated in stories can alter judgement for early adolescents
• Low-cost, portable device could diagnose heart attacks in minutes
• Powerful technique details brain tumors’ formidable resiliency
• Revealing the logic of the body’s ‘second brain’
• 'Mini psyches' give insights into mysterious metal-rich near-earth asteroids
• Scientists discover 14 genes that cause obesity
• What our wandering thoughts can teach us about mental health
• Blood marker could help ID those at risk of debilitating peripheral artery disease
• Pruning the dendritic tree
• Using dunes to interpret wind on Mars
• ‘Fight or flight’ – unless internal clocks are disrupted, study in mice shows
• Paradigm shift in treatment of type 2 diabetes to focus on weight loss
• Aerobic exercise after a sport-related concussion speeds recovery in adolescent athletes, study suggests
• Early accumulation of tau in the brain predicts memory decline in Alzheimer’s disease
• Toothy grins from the past: Ancient birds replaced their teeth like living crocodilians
• Learning is more effective when active
• Novel fluorescence imaging assay gives new insight to develop biomimetic nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy
• Virtual care with remote monitoring catches drug errors and reduces patient pain

Unprecedented view of a single catalyst nanoparticle at work Posted: 01 Oct 2021 12:27 PM PDT A research team has been using high-intensity X-rays to observe a single catalyst nanoparticle at work. The experiment has revealed for the first time how the chemical composition of the surface of an individual nanoparticle changes under reaction conditions, making it more active. This study marks an important step towards a better understanding of real, industrial catalytic materials.

Marine heatwaves could wipe out an extra six per cent of a country’s fish catches, costing millions their jobs Posted: 01 Oct 2021 12:27 PM PDT Extremely hot years will wipe out hundreds of thousands of tons of fish available for catch in a country's waters in this century, on top of projected decreases to fish stocks from long-term climate change, a new study predicts. Modelling a worst-case scenario where no action is taken to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions they projected a six per cent drop in the amount of potential catches per year and 77 per cent of exploited species are projected to decrease in biomass, or the amount of fish by weight in a given area, due to extremely hot years. These decreases are on top of those projected due to long-term decadal-scale climate change. The study highlights the need to develop ways to deal with marine temperature extremes, and soon, the researchers say.

Two-dimensional hybrid metal halide device allows control of terahertz emissions Posted: 01 Oct 2021 12:27 PM PDT Researchers have utilized two-dimensional hybrid metal halides in a device that allows directional control of terahertz radiation generated by a spintronic scheme. The device has better signal efficiency than conventional terahertz generators, and is thinner, lighter and less expensive to produce.

Age and aging have critical effects on the gut microbiome Posted: 01 Oct 2021 10:59 AM PDT Researchers have found that aging produces significant changes in the microbiome of the human small intestine distinct from those caused by medications or illness burden.

What you need to know about urinary tract infections Posted: 01 Oct 2021 10:02 AM PDT More than half of U.S. women will experience at least one urinary tract infection (UTI) in their lifetimes, while a quarter will have a subsequent infection. Recurrent urinary tract infections are defined as two or more infections in six months or three or more in a year.

Morality demonstrated in stories can alter judgement for early adolescents Posted: 01 Oct 2021 10:02 AM PDT A new study looks at how exposure to media content featuring specific moral values (care, fairness, loyalty and authority) might influence the weight kids place on those values. The main study showed that exposure to books emphasizing four separate moral values increased salience of their respective intuitions in early adolescents.

Low-cost, portable device could diagnose heart attacks in minutes Posted: 01 Oct 2021 10:02 AM PDT Researchers have developed a sensor that could diagnose a heart attack in less than 30 minutes, according to a new study.

Powerful technique details brain tumors’ formidable resiliency Posted: 01 Oct 2021 10:02 AM PDT A team led by researchers  has profiled in unprecedented detail thousands of individual cells sampled from patients' brain tumors. The findings, along with the methods developed to obtain those findings, represent a significant advance in cancer research, and ultimately may lead to better ways of detecting, monitoring and treating cancers.

Revealing the logic of the body’s ‘second brain’ Posted: 01 Oct 2021 10:02 AM PDT Researchers have made a surprising discovery about the human gut's enteric nervous system that itself is filled with surprising facts. For starters, there's the fact that this 'second brain' exists at all.

'Mini psyches' give insights into mysterious metal-rich near-earth asteroids Posted: 01 Oct 2021 10:02 AM PDT New research into metal-rich asteroids reveals information about the origins and compositions of these rare bodies that could one day be mined.

Scientists discover 14 genes that cause obesity Posted: 01 Oct 2021 07:04 AM PDT The discovery of genes that directly cause obesity could pave the way for treatments for a condition that affects more than 40% of American adults.

What our wandering thoughts can teach us about mental health Posted: 01 Oct 2021 07:04 AM PDT Researchers analyzed idle thoughts for 10 minutes. What they learned may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of mental health issues such as depression.

Blood marker could help ID those at risk of debilitating peripheral artery disease Posted: 01 Oct 2021 07:04 AM PDT Researchers have shown that high levels of a specific protein circulating in the blood accurately detect a severe type of peripheral artery disease that narrows the arteries in the legs and can raise the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Pruning the dendritic tree Posted: 01 Oct 2021 05:26 AM PDT Researchers have shed light on the function of the enzyme SLK for the development of nerve cells in the brain. If it is missing, the neurons' branches are less abundant. In addition, it is then more difficult to inhibit the activity of the cells. This is consistent with the fact that there is less SLK in diseased brain tissue from epilepsy patients. Epileptic seizures are characterized by overexcitation of neuron clusters. The findings may help to improve treatment of the disease. The study is published in the prestigious Journal of Neuroscience.

Using dunes to interpret wind on Mars Posted: 01 Oct 2021 05:26 AM PDT Dunes develop when wind-blown sand organizes into patterns, most often in deserts and arid or semi-arid parts of the world. Every continent on Earth has dune fields, but dunes and dune-like sand patterns are also found across the solar system: on Mars, Venus, Titan, Comet 67P, and Pluto. On Earth, weather stations measure the wind speed and direction, allowing us to predict and understand airflow in the atmosphere.

‘Fight or flight’ – unless internal clocks are disrupted, study in mice shows Posted: 01 Oct 2021 05:26 AM PDT Daily release of hormones depends on the coordinated activity of clocks in two parts of the brain, a finding that could have implications for human diseases.

Paradigm shift in treatment of type 2 diabetes to focus on weight loss Posted: 30 Sep 2021 06:37 PM PDT Medical researchers have reviewed current literature and are recommending a pivotal change in treatment of Type 2 diabetes to focus on obesity first and glucose control second.

Aerobic exercise after a sport-related concussion speeds recovery in adolescent athletes, study suggests Posted: 30 Sep 2021 06:36 PM PDT Adolescents can speed their recovery after a sport-related concussion and reduce their risk of experiencing protracted recovery if they engage in aerobic exercise within 10 days of getting injured, according to a new study.

Early accumulation of tau in the brain predicts memory decline in Alzheimer’s disease Posted: 30 Sep 2021 06:36 PM PDT Researchers have compared how well different Alzheimer's biomarkers predict the progression of the disease and its effect on the memory. They found that early accumulation of tau proteins in the brain as measured by PET scanner was more effective at predicting memory impairment than biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid or amyloid plaque in the brain.

Toothy grins from the past: Ancient birds replaced their teeth like living crocodilians Posted: 30 Sep 2021 11:07 AM PDT The first 3D reconstructions of extinct Cretaceous birds reveal a reptilian tooth replacement pattern.

Learning is more effective when active Posted: 30 Sep 2021 11:07 AM PDT Engaging students through interactive activities, discussions, feedback and AI-enhanced technologies resulted in improved academic performance compared to traditional lectures, lessons or readings, faculty concluded after collecting research into active learning. The research also found that effective active learning methods use not only hands-on and minds-on approaches, but also hearts-on, providing increased emotional and social support.

Novel fluorescence imaging assay gives new insight to develop biomimetic nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy Posted: 30 Sep 2021 07:48 AM PDT Researchers developed a fluorescence quenching assay to probe the integrity of the cell membrane coating of biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) , discovering that the great majority of the cell membrane coated NPs were only partially coated when the traditional coating techniques were applied.

Virtual care with remote monitoring catches drug errors and reduces patient pain Posted: 30 Sep 2021 05:24 AM PDT The study looked at patient outcomes from virtual care and remote automated monitoring (RAM) -- video calls with nurses and doctors, and self-monitoring of vital signs using wearable devices. Half of 905 post-surgery patients at nine sites in Hamilton, Kingston, London, Ottawa and Edmonton in Canada were randomized to use technology at home -- a cellular tablet and RAM equipment to measure their heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, respiration rate, body temperature and weight -- for 30 days after they left the hospital.

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