ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Researchers’ novel mind-body program outperforms other forms of treatment for chronic back pain
• Small but mighty: Microgreens go from trendy vegetables to functional food
• Plasmodium falciparum evolving to escape malaria rapid diagnostics in Africa
• Past suffering can affect future praise
• Reducing salt in bread without sacrificing taste
• Researchers identify mutations of Delta, Delta Plus variants
• Counting cells may shed light on how cancer spreads
• Liquid metal coating creates effective antiviral, antimicrobial fabric
• Magnetic stimulation of the brain can improve episodic memory, study finds
• Elephants strive to cooperate with allies, until the stakes get too high
• AI may predict the next virus to jump from animals to humans
• Seven symptoms jointly predict COVID-19 diagnosis, study finds
• Living retina achieves sensitivity and efficiency engineers can only dream about
• Happiness in early adulthood may protect against dementia
• ‘Research autopsy’ enable scientists study why certain cancer therapies stop working
• Intense workouts before bedtime won’t guarantee a good night’s rest, new research shows
• Unbreakable glass inspired by seashells
• Link between diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease bolstered
• Targeting a rare secondary cancer in children
• Tweaking alloy microchemistry for flawless metal 3D printing
• Deadly auto crashes more likely during pandemic lockdown
• Quantifying change on barrier islands highlights the value of storms
• What the fate of ancient cities can teach us about surviving climate change
• Structural characterization offshore Newfoundland
• Win-win: plan supports farmers to save Australia’s species
• Antidepressants inhibit cancer growth in mice
• Social distancing measures in the spring of 2020 effectively curbed the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, study finds
• Cosmic impact destroyed a biblical city in Jordan Valley
• Will twisted superconducting flakes make better components for quantum computers?
• New research links tree health to how birds respond to climate change
• Largest trial of antibiotic amoxicillin for treating chest infections in children finds little effect
• There’s no place like home…to track blood pressure
• Microscopic metavehicles powered by nothing but light
• Children who eat more fruit and veggies have better mental health
• Geologically vibrant continents produce higher biodiversity
• Nasal microbiota holds clues to who will develop symptoms from novel coronavirus
• Power of stem cells harnessed to create cartilage tissue
• Anti-seizure medication improves cognitive function in some Alzheimer’s patients
• How SNPs can be used to detect disease pathways
• Experimental drug development approach points to better targeted therapies for treatment-resistant leukemia
• New imaging system reveals solar panel defects even in bright sunlight
• Capturing light: New ergonomic photodetector for the trillion-sensor era
• Deep roots of the 'Anthropocene' can be found in tropical forests
• Additional threat to Antarctica’s floating ice shelves
• Dinosaurs’ ascent driven by volcanoes powering climate change
• New approach to breast cancer prevention
• Crayfish get more interesting at bigger parties
• Male giraffes are more socially connected than females

Researchers’ novel mind-body program outperforms other forms of treatment for chronic back pain Posted: 28 Sep 2021 04:38 PM PDT Physician-scientists developed a 12-week mind-body program that takes a new approach to chronic back pain. The team demonstrated that this intervention was highly beneficial for treating back pain when compared to standard care.

Small but mighty: Microgreens go from trendy vegetables to functional food Posted: 28 Sep 2021 04:38 PM PDT Starting decades ago as fashionable, high-value gourmet greens, today microgreens have gained popularity among consumers for their nutritional profile and high content of antioxidant compounds. Now, a new study suggests that the tiny plants have the potential to help provide global nutrition security.

Plasmodium falciparum evolving to escape malaria rapid diagnostics in Africa Posted: 28 Sep 2021 02:19 PM PDT A major tool against malaria in Africa has been the use of rapid diagnostic tests, which have been part of the 'test-treat-track' strategy in Ethiopia, the second most-populated country in Africa. But researchers studying blood samples from more than 12,000 individuals in Ethiopia now estimate these tests missed nearly 10% of malaria cases caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, the most common cause of malaria cases and deaths.

Past suffering can affect future praise Posted: 28 Sep 2021 02:19 PM PDT Researchers have discovered that people tend to give more praise to someone for their good deeds as an adult after discovering that person has also had to overcome adversity or suffering earlier in life, such as abuse and neglect as a child.

Reducing salt in bread without sacrificing taste Posted: 28 Sep 2021 02:19 PM PDT Most people in the U.S. consume too much salt; adult Americans typically eat twice the daily amount recommended by dietary guidelines. Bread may not seem like an obvious culprit; however, due to high consumption and relatively high salt content, baked goods are a major source of sodium in the diet. A new study from the explores ways to reduce sodium in bread without sacrificing taste and leavening ability.

Researchers identify mutations of Delta, Delta Plus variants Posted: 28 Sep 2021 12:51 PM PDT Using bioinformatics tools and programming, researchers identified five specific mutations that are far more prevalent in Delta Plus infections compared to Delta infections, including one mutation, K417N, that is present in all Delta Plus infections but not present in nearly any Delta infections. The findings provide important clues to researchers about the structural changes to the virus recently and highlight the need to expand the toolbox in the fight against COVID-19.

Counting cells may shed light on how cancer spreads Posted: 28 Sep 2021 12:51 PM PDT Engineers developed a technique that allows them to measure the generation rate and half-life of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in mice.

Liquid metal coating creates effective antiviral, antimicrobial fabric Posted: 28 Sep 2021 12:18 PM PDT Researchers used liquid gallium to create an antiviral and antimicrobial coating and tested it on a range of fabrics, including face masks. The coating adhered more strongly to fabric than some conventional metal coatings, and eradicated 99% of several common pathogens within five minutes.

Magnetic stimulation of the brain can improve episodic memory, study finds Posted: 28 Sep 2021 11:18 AM PDT The ability to form episodic memories declines with age, certain dementias, and brain injury. However, a new study shows that low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered over the left prefrontal cortex of the brain can improve memory performance by reducing the power of low frequency brain waves as memories form.

Elephants strive to cooperate with allies, until the stakes get too high Posted: 28 Sep 2021 11:18 AM PDT Asian elephants are keen to cooperate with friends and have evolved strategies to mitigate competition in their social groups, but cooperation breaks down when food resources are limited, according to new research. The study sheds light on the evolution of cooperative behavior in mammals.

AI may predict the next virus to jump from animals to humans Posted: 28 Sep 2021 11:18 AM PDT A new study suggests that machine learning using viral genomes may predict the likelihood that any animal-infecting virus will infect humans, given biologically relevant exposure.

Seven symptoms jointly predict COVID-19 diagnosis, study finds Posted: 28 Sep 2021 11:18 AM PDT A set of 7 symptoms, considered together, can be used to maximize detection of COVID-19 in the community, according to researchers.

Living retina achieves sensitivity and efficiency engineers can only dream about Posted: 28 Sep 2021 10:08 AM PDT 'Efficient coding theory' describes the most perfect, low-energy way to design a light-detecting device for a future camera or prosthetic retina. Or you could just look at a mammalian retina that's already organized this way. In a pair of papers on retinal structure, a team of neurobiologists has shown that the rigors of natural selection and evolution shaped our retinas to capture noisy data just as this theory of optimization would prescribe.

Happiness in early adulthood may protect against dementia Posted: 28 Sep 2021 09:13 AM PDT While research has shown that poor cardiovascular health can damage blood flow to the brain increasing the risk for dementia, a new study indicates that poor mental health may also take its toll on cognition.

‘Research autopsy’ enable scientists study why certain cancer therapies stop working Posted: 28 Sep 2021 09:13 AM PDT A new research study turns cancer scientists into molecular detectives, searching for clues for why certain cancers are able to spread and evolve by studying tissues collected within hours of death.

Intense workouts before bedtime won’t guarantee a good night’s rest, new research shows Posted: 28 Sep 2021 09:13 AM PDT A new meta-analysis assessed data from 15 published studies to see how a single session of intense exercise affects young and middle-aged healthy adults in the hours prior to bedtime. And while no two bodies are the same, the researchers did find that the combination of factors would interact to enhance or modulate the effects of exercise on sleep.

Unbreakable glass inspired by seashells Posted: 28 Sep 2021 09:13 AM PDT Scientists develop stronger and tougher glass, inspired by the inner layer of mollusk shells. Instead of shattering upon impact, the new material has the resiliency of plastic and could be used to improve cell phone screens in the future, among other applications.

Link between diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease bolstered Posted: 28 Sep 2021 09:13 AM PDT Researchers show that chronic hyperglycemia impairs working memory performance and alters fundamental aspects of working memory networks.

Targeting a rare secondary cancer in children Posted: 28 Sep 2021 09:13 AM PDT Known as pediatric radiation-induced high-grade gliomas (RIGs), this specific type of brain tumor is caused by cranial radiation therapy for other cancers, most often brain cancers. They account for nearly 4% of all childhood brain tumor deaths, but there have not been many studies on RIGs and how to treat them.

Tweaking alloy microchemistry for flawless metal 3D printing Posted: 28 Sep 2021 08:24 AM PDT In the last few decades, metal 3D printing has spearheaded the efforts in creating custom parts of intricate shapes and high functionality. But as additive manufacturers have included more alloys for their 3D printing needs, so have the challenges in creating uniform, defect-free parts.

Deadly auto crashes more likely during pandemic lockdown Posted: 28 Sep 2021 07:22 AM PDT With fewer people on the road during the early days of the pandemic, more drivers were speeding and driving recklessly, resulting in more crashes being deadly, a new study found.

Quantifying change on barrier islands highlights the value of storms Posted: 28 Sep 2021 07:22 AM PDT Researchers have developed a methodology for quantifying landscape changes on barrier islands and, in doing so, have found the storms that can devastate human infrastructure also create opportunities for coastal wildlife to thrive.

What the fate of ancient cities can teach us about surviving climate change Posted: 28 Sep 2021 07:22 AM PDT Why did some ancient Khmer and Mesoamerican cities collapse between 900-1500CE, while their rural surrounds continued to prosper? Intentional adaptation to climate changed conditions may be the answer, suggests a new study.

Structural characterization offshore Newfoundland Posted: 28 Sep 2021 07:22 AM PDT Geologists completed research characterizing the complex geological evolution of the Orphan Basin, offshore Newfoundland and Labrador, using an extensive database of newly available, modern 2D and 3D broadband seismic reflection data. These data allow geologists to visualize and understand the subsurface.

Win-win: plan supports farmers to save Australia’s species Posted: 28 Sep 2021 07:22 AM PDT A national plan to restore habitat on marginal farming land would fight climate change, prevent species loss and put money in farmers' pockets, according to a scientists.

Antidepressants inhibit cancer growth in mice Posted: 28 Sep 2021 07:22 AM PDT Classic antidepressants could help improve modern cancer treatments. They slowed the growth of pancreatic and colon cancers in mice, and when combined with immunotherapy, they even stopped the cancer growth long-term. In some cases the tumors disappeared completely, researchers have found. Their findings will now be tested in human clinical trials.

Social distancing measures in the spring of 2020 effectively curbed the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, study finds Posted: 28 Sep 2021 07:22 AM PDT Early contact restrictions and school closures prevented over 80 per cent of COVID-19 infections and over 60 per cent of deaths in Germany within three weeks, a new study finds.

Cosmic impact destroyed a biblical city in Jordan Valley Posted: 28 Sep 2021 07:22 AM PDT In the Middle Bronze Age (about 3600 years ago or roughly 1650 BCE), the city of Tall el-Hammam was ascendant. Located on high ground in the southern Jordan Valley, northeast of the Dead Sea, the settlement in its time had become the largest continuously occupied Bronze Age city in the southern Levant, having hosted early civilization for a few thousand years. At that time, it was 10 times larger than Jerusalem and 5 times larger than Jericho.

Will twisted superconducting flakes make better components for quantum computers? Posted: 28 Sep 2021 07:22 AM PDT Researchers have found a way to make 'single-crystal flake' devices that are so thin and free of defects, they have the potential to outperform components used today in quantum computer circuits.

New research links tree health to how birds respond to climate change Posted: 28 Sep 2021 07:22 AM PDT New research has revealed that shifts in the timing of egg laying by great tits in response to climate change vary markedly between breeding sites within the same woodland and that this variation is linked to the health of nearby oak trees.

Largest trial of antibiotic amoxicillin for treating chest infections in children finds little effect Posted: 28 Sep 2021 07:22 AM PDT The largest randomized placebo-controlled trial of the antibiotic amoxicillin for treating chest infections in children - one of the most common acute illnesses treated in primary care in developed countries, has found it is little more effective at relieving symptoms than the use of no medication

There’s no place like home…to track blood pressure Posted: 28 Sep 2021 07:22 AM PDT Adults with elevated blood pressure who had not been diagnosed with high blood pressure found that monitoring their blood pressure at home was more acceptable than going to a kiosk, clinic or using a 24-hour wearable monitoring device. Adults were more likely to record the minimum number of measurements with at-home or clinic-based blood pressure monitoring versus going to a kiosk. Adults found the 24-hour wearable blood pressure measuring device least acceptable among the options. Health care professionals should consider talking with people who have high blood pressure about the option of home monitoring and providing the tools and education necessary to do it correctly.

Microscopic metavehicles powered by nothing but light Posted: 28 Sep 2021 04:50 AM PDT Researchers have succeeded in creating tiny vehicles powered by nothing but light. By layering an optical metasurface onto a microscopic particle, and then using a light source to control it, they succeeded in moving the tiny vehicles in a variety of complex and precise ways -- and even using them to transport other objects.

Children who eat more fruit and veggies have better mental health Posted: 28 Sep 2021 04:50 AM PDT New research finds that children who eat more fruit and veg have better mental health. The study is the first to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable intakes, breakfast and lunch choices, and mental wellbeing in UK school children. The research team studied data from almost 9,000 children in 50 schools. They found that the types of breakfast and lunch eaten by both primary and secondary school pupils were significantly associated with wellbeing.

Geologically vibrant continents produce higher biodiversity Posted: 28 Sep 2021 04:49 AM PDT Using a new mechanistic model of evolution on Earth, researchers can now better explain why the rainforests of Africa are home to fewer species than the tropical forests of South America and Southeast Asia. The key to high species diversity lies in how dynamically the continents have evolved over time.

Nasal microbiota holds clues to who will develop symptoms from novel coronavirus Posted: 28 Sep 2021 04:49 AM PDT The microbiota in the nose and upper throat likely contains biomarkers for assessing how sick an individual infected with SARS-CoV-2 may get and for developing new treatment strategies to improve their outcome, researchers say.

Power of stem cells harnessed to create cartilage tissue Posted: 28 Sep 2021 04:49 AM PDT Researchers have invented a new way to generate human cartilage tissue from stem cells. The technique could pave the way for the development of a much-needed new treatment for people with cartilage damage.

Anti-seizure medication improves cognitive function in some Alzheimer’s patients Posted: 27 Sep 2021 02:29 PM PDT An inexpensive anti-seizure medication markedly improves learning and memory and other cognitive functions in Alzheimer's patients who have epileptic activity in their brains, according to a new study.

How SNPs can be used to detect disease pathways Posted: 27 Sep 2021 02:29 PM PDT Researchers have developed a new computational tool that can identify pathways related to diseases, including breast and prostate cancer, using single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

Experimental drug development approach points to better targeted therapies for treatment-resistant leukemia Posted: 27 Sep 2021 02:29 PM PDT New research shows why some drugs in clinical trials for treating a form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often fail and demonstrates a way to restore their effectiveness.

New imaging system reveals solar panel defects even in bright sunlight Posted: 27 Sep 2021 02:29 PM PDT Researchers describe how a unique combination of new hardware and software allows defects in solar panels to be clearly imaged and analyzed even in bright light.

Capturing light: New ergonomic photodetector for the trillion-sensor era Posted: 27 Sep 2021 02:29 PM PDT Light-to-frequency conversion circuits (LFCs) are often used to overcome setbacks faced by conventional ultra-low power light sensors. However, use of LFCs can lead to chip area wastage and poor performance of photosensors. Researchers have now developed a highly photosensitive LFC with improved chip area economy, high tuneability, and superior compatibility with flexible electronics. This novel photodetector system can be used in the newly envisioned Internet-of-things (IOT) sensor systems.

Deep roots of the 'Anthropocene' can be found in tropical forests Posted: 27 Sep 2021 12:05 PM PDT A new special edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences showcases multidisciplinary approaches to exploring human impacts on tropical forests and their associated Earth systems.

Additional threat to Antarctica’s floating ice shelves Posted: 27 Sep 2021 12:05 PM PDT Ice melange, a slushy mixture of snow and ice chunks, can heal large rifts in Antarctica's ice shelves. Researchers found that a thinning of ice melange may have enabled a Delaware-sized iceberg to break off from the Larsen C ice shelf in 2017. A new article has the scientists' analysis of the dynamics behind large iceberg calving events.

Dinosaurs’ ascent driven by volcanoes powering climate change Posted: 27 Sep 2021 12:05 PM PDT The rise of dinosaurs coincided with environmental changes driven by major volcanic eruptions over 230 million years ago, a new study reveals.

New approach to breast cancer prevention Posted: 27 Sep 2021 10:21 AM PDT Researchers suggest that advances in breast cancer prevention research have resulted in new and innovative opportunities to modify breast cancer risk and potentially reduce breast cancer incidence and mortality.

Crayfish get more interesting at bigger parties Posted: 27 Sep 2021 10:20 AM PDT In many North American lakes, a tiny clawed creature has become a big bully. The invasive rusty crayfish roams lakebeds, snapping up snails, bivalves, and water plants, cutting off food supplies for native crayfish and other animals. And when they're feeling saucy, some mount daring raids on fish eggs, reducing sport-fish populations.

Male giraffes are more socially connected than females Posted: 27 Sep 2021 10:20 AM PDT Although female giraffes have closer 'friends' than male giraffes, male giraffes have more 'acquaintances' than females, according to new research. The study demonstrates that giraffes form a complex multilevel society that is driven by differences in the social connections among individuals, which could have conservation implications for the endangered giraffes.

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