ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Systems approach helps assess public health impacts of changing climate, environmental policies
• Novel small molecule potently attenuates neuroinflammation in brain and glial cells
• If endangered primates disappear, so will their parasites. That's actually a problem
• A new solid-state battery surprises the researchers who created it
• Scientists develop artificial intelligence method to predict anti-cancer immunity
• Earliest evidence of human activity found in the Americas
• Mapping words to colors
• Vampire bats may coordinate with ‘friends’ over a bite to eat
• Decoding birds’ brain signals into syllables of song
• More support needed for pollination services in agriculture
• Carbon dioxide reactor makes 'Martian fuel'
• An estrogen receptor that promotes cancer also causes drug resistance
• Engineers introduce a new approach for recycling plastics
• New York waters may be an important, additional feeding area for large whales
• Antibody-producing B cells may be 'predestined' for their fates
• Physicists control the flow of electron pulses through a nanostructure channel
• How tactile vibrations create illusions
• Observation of energy-difference conservation in optical domain
• Researchers define chain of events leading to dangerous intestinal disorder in preemies
• Intensified water cycle slows down global warming
• Breast cancers: Ruptures in cell nuclei promotes tumor invasion
• Child abuse and neglect linked to early death in adulthood
• Ancient DNA analysis sheds light on dark event in medieval Spain
• Adjusting fatty acid intake may help with mood variability in bipolar disorders
• A new method for removing lead from drinking water
• Researchers translate insect defense chemicals into eerie sounds
• Deadly virus’s pathway to infect cells identified
• Therapy using dual immune system cells effectively controls neuroblastoma
• Metastatic prostate cancer comes in two forms, which could guide treatment
• Infection hinders blood vessel repair following traumatic brain or cerebrovascular injuries
• How poxviruses multiply
• New online tool to help residents reduce the impact of traffic-related air pollution
• Non-native fish are main consumers of salmon in reservoirs
• Switching on a superfluid
• Are too many Phase III cancer clinical trials set up to fail?
• Insulin resistance doubles risk of major depressive disorder
• Artificial intelligence may be set to reveal climate-change tipping points
• Different types of cancers are likely to spread to specific areas of the brain
• New avenue for study of diseases like multiple sclerosis
• How do migraines affect the sleep cycle?
• Adults with neurologic conditions more likely to have experienced childhood trauma
• Desert teamwork explains global pattern of co-operation in birds
• Researchers provide a framework to study precision nutrigeroscience
• Researchers mimic how water and wind create complex shapes in nature
• Continental growth is not a continuous process
• Immune cells in the brain share the work
• New insights into how KLF4 influences gene expression

Systems approach helps assess public health impacts of changing climate, environmental policies Posted: 23 Sep 2021 04:28 PM PDT Scientists offer an alternative way to understand and minimize health impacts from human-caused changes to the climate and environment.

Novel small molecule potently attenuates neuroinflammation in brain and glial cells Posted: 23 Sep 2021 04:11 PM PDT In a preclinical study show that their small molecule drug, SRI-42127, can potently attenuate the triggers of neuroinflammation. These experiments in glial cell cultures and mice now open the door to testing SRI-42127 in models of acute and chronic neurological injury.

If endangered primates disappear, so will their parasites. That's actually a problem Posted: 23 Sep 2021 04:11 PM PDT People are more aware of the plight of endangered gorillas than of gorillas' gut worms, and are understandably more enamored with mouse lemurs than their mites. Half of the world's roughly 500 primate species are at risk of extinction due to human activities such as hunting, trapping and deforestation. But the demise of the world's threatened primates could also trigger even more extinctions for the parasites that lurk within them, finds a new study.

A new solid-state battery surprises the researchers who created it Posted: 23 Sep 2021 01:59 PM PDT Engineers created a new type of battery that weaves two promising battery sub-fields into a single battery. The battery uses both a solid state electrolyte and an all-silicon anode, making it a silicon all-solid-state battery. The initial rounds of tests show that the new battery is safe, long lasting, and energy dense. It holds promise for a wide range of applications from grid storage to electric vehicles.

Scientists develop artificial intelligence method to predict anti-cancer immunity Posted: 23 Sep 2021 01:48 PM PDT Researchers and data scientists have developed an artificial intelligence technique that can identify which cell surface peptides produced by cancer cells called neoantigens are recognized by the immune system.

Earliest evidence of human activity found in the Americas Posted: 23 Sep 2021 01:13 PM PDT Footprints at White Sands National Park in New Mexico confirm human presence over at least two millennia, with the oldest tracks dating back 23,000 years.

Mapping words to colors Posted: 23 Sep 2021 12:33 PM PDT While the range of colors your eyes may perceive extends beyond the words language provides, languages around the globe are remarkably similar in how they partition the space of colors into a vocabulary. Yet differences exist. In a study examining 130 diverse languages around the world, researchers developed an algorithm to infer the communicative needs that different linguistic communities place on colors.

Vampire bats may coordinate with ‘friends’ over a bite to eat Posted: 23 Sep 2021 12:33 PM PDT Vampire bats that form bonds in captivity and continue those 'friendships' in the wild also hunt together, meeting up over a meal after independent departures from the roost, according to a new study.

Decoding birds’ brain signals into syllables of song Posted: 23 Sep 2021 12:33 PM PDT Researchers can predict what syllables a bird will sing -- and when it will sing them -- by reading electrical signals in its brain, reports a new study. The work is an early step toward building vocal prostheses for humans who have lost the ability to speak.

More support needed for pollination services in agriculture Posted: 23 Sep 2021 10:26 AM PDT The global decline of pollinators threatens the reproductive success of 90 per cent of all wild plants globally and the yield of 85 per cent of the world's most important crops. Pollinators -- mainly bees and other insects -- contribute to 35 per cent of the world's food production. The service provided by pollinators is particularly important for securing food produced by the more than two billion small farmers worldwide. An agroecologist points out that yields could be increased if pollinators were encouraged.

Carbon dioxide reactor makes 'Martian fuel' Posted: 23 Sep 2021 10:26 AM PDT Engineers are developing new ways to convert greenhouse gases to fuel to address climate change and get astronauts home from Mars.

An estrogen receptor that promotes cancer also causes drug resistance Posted: 23 Sep 2021 09:24 AM PDT Cancer cells proliferate despite a myriad of stresses -- from oxygen deprivation to chemotherapy -- that would kill any ordinary cell. Now, researchers have gained insight into how they may be doing this through the downstream activity of a powerful estrogen receptor. The discovery offers clues to overcoming resistance to therapies like tamoxifen that are used in many types of breast cancer.

Engineers introduce a new approach for recycling plastics Posted: 23 Sep 2021 09:24 AM PDT Engineers have come up with a revolutionary new method for tackling plastic pollution by harnessing the inner workings of proteins. The result? A whole new way of looking at plastic recycling.

New York waters may be an important, additional feeding area for large whales Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT A new study finds that that some large whale species (humpback, fin and minke whales) use the waters off New York and New Jersey as a supplemental feeding area feasting on two different types of prey species.

Antibody-producing B cells may be 'predestined' for their fates Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT The master regulator behind the development of antibody-producing cells has been identified in a new study. The findings provide new insight into the inner workings of the immune system and may help understand how tissues develop and how certain cancers arise.

Physicists control the flow of electron pulses through a nanostructure channel Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT Particle accelerators are essential tools in research areas such as biology, materials science and particle physics. Researchers are always looking for more powerful ways of accelerating particles to improve existing equipment and increase capacities for experiments. One such powerful technology is dielectric laser acceleration (DLA). In this approach, particles are accelerated in the optical near-field which is created when ultra-short laser pulses are focused on a nanophotonic structure. Using this method, researchers have succeeded in guiding electrons through a vacuum channel, an essential component of particle accelerators.

How tactile vibrations create illusions Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT Among the traditional five human senses, touch is perhaps the least studied. Yet, it is solicited everywhere, all the time, and even more so in recent years with the widespread daily use of electronic devices that emit vibrations. Indeed, any moving object transmits oscillatory signals that propagate through solid substrates. Our body detects them by means of mechanoreceptors located below the skin and transmits the information to the brain similarly to auditory, olfactory or visual stimuli. By studying how mice and humans perceive tactile vibrations, researchers discovered that the brain does not reliably perceive the frequency of a vibration when its amplitude varies. An illusory phenomenon is thereby created, which highlights how far our perception of the world around us can deviate from its physical reality.

Observation of energy-difference conservation in optical domain Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT A research team proposes an efficient experimental platform for non-Hermitian physics research.

Researchers define chain of events leading to dangerous intestinal disorder in preemies Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT A research team has provided what may be the most definitive view to date of the biological process leading to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a dangerous inflammatory disease that can destroy a premature infant's intestinal lining and causes death in up to a third of the cases.

Intensified water cycle slows down global warming Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT A new study shows that the intensification of global hydrological cycle drives more ocean heat uptake into the deep ocean and moderates the pace of global warming.

Breast cancers: Ruptures in cell nuclei promotes tumor invasion Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT When cells multiply and migrate, they can be compressed and their nucleus may break open. This phenomenon causes DNA damage. Scientists have now shown that this facilitates the spread of cancer cells in breast tumors.

Child abuse and neglect linked to early death in adulthood Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT A new study found that adults who reported experiencing sexual abuse by the age of 16 had a 2.6 times higher risk of dying in middle age -- that is, between 45 and 58 -- than those who did not report sexual abuse.

Ancient DNA analysis sheds light on dark event in medieval Spain Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT Researchers used ancient DNA analysis to identify a member of a population expelled from medieval Spain known as the 'Segorbe Giant'. The results have shed light on the brutal political decision that led to a dramatic change in population following the Christian reconquest of Spain.

Adjusting fatty acid intake may help with mood variability in bipolar disorders Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT Can specific dietary guidelines help people living with bipolar disorders better manage their health? Clinical trial results showed that a diet designed to alter levels of specific fatty acids consumed by participants may help patients have less variability in their mood.

A new method for removing lead from drinking water Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT Engineers designed a relatively low-cost, energy-efficient approach to treating water contaminated with heavy metals such as lead.

Researchers translate insect defense chemicals into eerie sounds Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT Sawfly larvae protect themselves by secreting cocktails of unpleasant, volatile chemicals intended to repel predators, particularly ants. Researchers can assess the effectiveness of these defenses by staging meetups, so-called bioassays, between prey and predator. But entomologist have taken a different approach, translating the secretions' chemical composition into sounds, and measuring how humans react.

Deadly virus’s pathway to infect cells identified Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT Researchers have discovered how Rift Valley fever virus enters cells, pointing the way to new therapies to treat deadly Rift Valley fever.

Therapy using dual immune system cells effectively controls neuroblastoma Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT A newly developed immunotherapy that simultaneously uses modified immune-fighting cells to home in on and attack two antigens, or foreign substances, on cancer cells was highly effective in mice implanted with human neuroblastoma tissue.

Metastatic prostate cancer comes in two forms, which could guide treatment Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:55 AM PDT Scientists have identified two subtypes of metastatic prostate cancer that respond differently to treatment, information that could one day guide physicians in treating patients with the therapies best suited to their disease.

Infection hinders blood vessel repair following traumatic brain or cerebrovascular injuries Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:55 AM PDT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other injuries to blood vessels in the brain, like stroke, are a leading cause of long-term disability or death. Researchers have found a possible explanation for why some patients recover much more poorly from brain injury if they later become infected.

How poxviruses multiply Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:55 AM PDT Poxviruses have found a unique way of translating their genes into proteins in the infected organism. Scientists of the have been able to gain atomic-level insights into the functioning of the molecular machinery involved in the process.

New online tool to help residents reduce the impact of traffic-related air pollution Posted: 23 Sep 2021 07:21 AM PDT Researchers have released a new online tool to help schools, hospitals and residents understand and reduce the impact of traffic-related air pollution.

Non-native fish are main consumers of salmon in reservoirs Posted: 23 Sep 2021 07:20 AM PDT When warmwater fish species like bass, walleye and crappie that are not native to the Pacific Northwest, but prized by some anglers, overlap with baby spring chinook salmon in reservoirs in Oregon's Willamette River they consume more baby salmon than native fish per individual, new research found.

Switching on a superfluid Posted: 23 Sep 2021 07:20 AM PDT We can learn a lot by studying microscopic and macroscopic changes in a material as it crosses from one phase to another, for example from ice to water to steam. A new study examines systems transitioning from 'normal' fluid to a quantum state known as a superfluid, which can flow with zero friction, with a view to future, superfluid-based, quantum technologies, such as ultra-low energy electronics.

Are too many Phase III cancer clinical trials set up to fail? Posted: 23 Sep 2021 07:20 AM PDT New research finds four out of five cancer therapies tested in Phase III trials do not achieve clinically-meaningful benefit in prolonging survival, and is the first study to quantify the number of false-positive, false-negative, and true-negative trial results.

Insulin resistance doubles risk of major depressive disorder Posted: 23 Sep 2021 05:29 AM PDT Scientists have linked insulin resistance to an increased risk of developing major depressive disorder.

Artificial intelligence may be set to reveal climate-change tipping points Posted: 23 Sep 2021 05:29 AM PDT Researchers are developing artificial intelligence that could assess climate change tipping points. The deep learning algorithm could act as an early warning system against runaway climate change.

Different types of cancers are likely to spread to specific areas of the brain Posted: 23 Sep 2021 05:29 AM PDT Brain metastasis occurs when cancer in one part of the body spreads to the brain. The lifetime incidence of such metastatic brain tumors in cancer patients is between 20%-45%, research shows.

New avenue for study of diseases like multiple sclerosis Posted: 22 Sep 2021 03:15 PM PDT A surprising discovery may offer a promising new direction in the study of multiple sclerosis and other diseases of hypomyelination -- when axons of neurons are not covered sufficiently in fatty sheaths (myelin), which disrupts communication between nerve cells.

How do migraines affect the sleep cycle? Posted: 22 Sep 2021 01:06 PM PDT Adults and children with migraines may get less quality, REM sleep time than people who don't have migraines. That's according to a meta-analysis. Children with migraines were also found to get less total sleep time than their healthy peers but took less time to fall asleep.

Adults with neurologic conditions more likely to have experienced childhood trauma Posted: 22 Sep 2021 01:06 PM PDT Adults with neurologic conditions are more likely than the general population to have had adverse childhood experiences such as abuse, neglect or household dysfunction, according to a new study. The study does not prove that neurologic conditions are caused by such experiences. It only shows an association between the two.

Desert teamwork explains global pattern of co-operation in birds Posted: 22 Sep 2021 11:33 AM PDT A new study from the Kalahari Desert finds that teamwork allows birds to cope with brutally unpredictable environments.

Researchers provide a framework to study precision nutrigeroscience Posted: 22 Sep 2021 11:33 AM PDT There are many forms of dietary restriction and their health benefits are not 'one size fits all.' Researchers provide a framework for a new personalized sub-specialty: precision nutrigeroscience, based on biomarkers affected by genetics, gender, tissue, and age.

Researchers mimic how water and wind create complex shapes in nature Posted: 22 Sep 2021 11:32 AM PDT Researchers have found a way to mimic the natural processes that create complex shapes and landscapes with the help of a vibrating plate and resulting energy fields.

Continental growth is not a continuous process Posted: 22 Sep 2021 11:32 AM PDT The continents, a specific feature of our planet, still hold many secrets. Using chemical data on sedimentary rocks compiled from the scientific literature from the 1980s to the present day, researchers have uncovered a new geological history of the continents. The research shows that their growth was not a continuous process, and that they have always been rich in silica1. This new study calls into question certain models of the onset of plate tectonics and provides us with a better understanding of continental growth through time.

Immune cells in the brain share the work Posted: 22 Sep 2021 10:30 AM PDT To break down toxic proteins more quickly, immune cells in the brain can join together to form networks when needed. However, in certain mutations that can cause Parkinson's disease, this cooperation is impaired.

New insights into how KLF4 influences gene expression Posted: 22 Sep 2021 09:19 AM PDT A team has discovered a mechanism by which transcription factor KLF4 can help to organize chromatin, thus influencing gene expression.

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