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• A cocoa bean's 'fingerprint' could help trace chocolate bars back to their farm of origin, finds a new study
• This rainbow-making tech could help autonomous vehicles read signs
• Machine learning algorithm revolutionizes how scientists study behavior
• Evidence mounts that MMR and Tdap vaccines strengthen protection against severe COVID-19
• Ferroelectrics everywhere?
• Researchers discover way to switch on and speed up tendon healing
• In a common genetic disorder, blood test reveals when benign tumors turn cancerous
• Model of SARS-CoV-2 dynamics reveals opportunity to prevent COVID-19 transmission
• Fighting brain cancer at its root
• Biomarkers found for COVID-19 condition in children
• ‘Tipping points’ in Earth’s system triggered rapid climate change 55 million years ago
• The right mixture of salts to get life started
• Using liquid metal to turn motion into electricity, even underwater
• Hidden factors that affect solar farms during severe weather
• Exploring the past: Computational models shed new light on the evolution of prehistoric languages
• Physicists develop new unique scanning tunneling microscope with magnetic cooling to study quantum effects
• COVID-19 vaccine elicits antibodies in 90 percent taking immunosuppressants, study finds
• How to produce proteins at the right speed
• Genomic data reveals new insights into human embryonic development
• Revealing the hidden structure of quantum entangled states
• Anchoring single atoms
• Extreme sea levels to become much more common worldwide as Earth warms
• New artificial intelligence tech set to transform heart imaging
• Compact speaker systems direct sound efficiently
• Genes can respond to coded information in signals – or filter them out entirely
• Mentally reattaching to work important for leader success
• Physicist helps confirm a major advance in stellarator performance
• Do distressed, help-seeking couples improve on their own? Not much, study says
• Telemedicine appointments reduce risk of further illness
• Hong Kong's marine ecosystem over the last 100 years
• Alcohol can cause immediate risk of atrial fibrillation, research finds
• High virus count in the lungs drives COVID-19 deaths, study finds
• 'Opihi age, growth, and longevity influenced by Hawaiian intertidal environment
• Bystander CPR with rescue breathing leads to better outcomes in pediatric cardiac arrest: Study
• Research finds ‘very low rates’ of dental fluoride varnish treatment for young children

A cocoa bean's 'fingerprint' could help trace chocolate bars back to their farm of origin, finds a new study Posted: 31 Aug 2021 04:03 PM PDT A new study has revealed that biotechnology could be the missing ingredient in helping cocoa farmers get a better deal for their beans.

This rainbow-making tech could help autonomous vehicles read signs Posted: 31 Aug 2021 12:53 PM PDT A new study explains the science behind microscale concave interfaces (MCI) -- structures that reflect light to produce beautiful and potentially useful optical phenomena. Future applications of these effects could include aiding autonomous vehicles in recognizing traffic signs, researchers say. Multiple images, including of a sign created using the material, are available.

Machine learning algorithm revolutionizes how scientists study behavior Posted: 31 Aug 2021 12:53 PM PDT B-SOiD is an open source, unsupervised algorithm that can discover and identify behaviors without user input.

Evidence mounts that MMR and Tdap vaccines strengthen protection against severe COVID-19 Posted: 31 Aug 2021 11:24 AM PDT Laboratory and retrospective analyses suggest that MMR and Tdap memory T cells are activated by SARS-CoV-2 and decrease COVID-19 severity.

Ferroelectrics everywhere? Posted: 31 Aug 2021 11:24 AM PDT A new family of materials that could result in improved digital information storage and uses less energy may be possible thanks to a team of researchers who demonstrated ferroelectricity in magnesium-substituted zinc oxide.

Researchers discover way to switch on and speed up tendon healing Posted: 31 Aug 2021 11:24 AM PDT A research team investigated whether electrical therapy, coupled with exercise, would show promise in treating tendon disease or ruptures. They found that tendon cell function and repair can be controlled through electrical stimulation from an implantable device powered by body movement.

In a common genetic disorder, blood test reveals when benign tumors turn cancerous Posted: 31 Aug 2021 11:24 AM PDT Researchers have developed a blood test that, they believe, could one day offer a highly sensitive and inexpensive approach to detect cancer early in people with NF1. The blood test could also help doctors monitor how well patients are responding to treatment for their cancer.

Model of SARS-CoV-2 dynamics reveals opportunity to prevent COVID-19 transmission Posted: 31 Aug 2021 11:24 AM PDT A structural model of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as the virus fuses with host human cells reveals an opportunity to disrupt dynamics and halt transmission.

Fighting brain cancer at its root Posted: 31 Aug 2021 10:14 AM PDT Researchers identify proteins that drive cancer stem cells. Targeting and suppressing a particular protein called galectin1 could provide a more effective treatment for glioblastoma, in combination with radiation therapy.

Biomarkers found for COVID-19 condition in children Posted: 31 Aug 2021 10:14 AM PDT A rare but serious inflammatory condition that affects children who contract COVID-19 produces a distinctive pattern of biomarkers that may help physicians predict disease severity and also aid researchers in developing new treatments, according to a new study.

‘Tipping points’ in Earth’s system triggered rapid climate change 55 million years ago Posted: 31 Aug 2021 10:14 AM PDT Scientists have uncovered a fascinating new insight into what caused one of the most rapid and dramatic instances of climate change in the history of the Earth.

The right mixture of salts to get life started Posted: 31 Aug 2021 10:14 AM PDT A new study shows how a blend of salts in the presence of heat flows may have contributed to the formation of the first self-replicating biomolecules.

Using liquid metal to turn motion into electricity, even underwater Posted: 31 Aug 2021 10:14 AM PDT Researchers have created a soft, stretchable device that converts movement into electricity and works in both dry and wet environments.

Hidden factors that affect solar farms during severe weather Posted: 31 Aug 2021 10:13 AM PDT Researchers combined large sets of real-world solar data and advanced machine learning to study the impacts of severe weather on U.S. solar farms, and sort out what factors affect energy generation.

Exploring the past: Computational models shed new light on the evolution of prehistoric languages Posted: 31 Aug 2021 10:13 AM PDT A new linguistic study sheds light on the nature of languages spoken before the written period, using computational modeling to reconstruct the grammar of the 6500-7000 year-old Proto-Indo-European language.

Physicists develop new unique scanning tunneling microscope with magnetic cooling to study quantum effects Posted: 31 Aug 2021 10:13 AM PDT Scanning tunneling microscopes capture images of materials with atomic precision and can be used to manipulate individual molecules or atoms. Researchers have been using the instruments for many years to explore the world of nanoscopic phenomena. A new approach is now creating new possibilities for using the devices to study quantum effects.

COVID-19 vaccine elicits antibodies in 90 percent taking immunosuppressants, study finds Posted: 31 Aug 2021 08:22 AM PDT Nearly 90 percent of people taking immunosuppressants to treat autoimmune conditions produce an antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination, but the response is weaker than those generated by healthy people, according to a new study.

How to produce proteins at the right speed Posted: 31 Aug 2021 08:22 AM PDT In all eukaryotic organisms, genetic material is stored in the cell nucleus in the form of DNA. In order to be used, this DNA is first transcribed into messenger RNA in the cell cytoplasm, then translated into protein with the help of ribosomes, small machines capable of decoding messenger RNA to synthesize the appropriate proteins. However, the speed with which this mechanism takes place is not uniform: it must adapt to allow the protein to adopt the right configuration. Indeed, a deregulation of the production rate leads to structural defects. The proteins, which are not correctly folded will aggregate, become unusable and often toxic for the cell.

Genomic data reveals new insights into human embryonic development Posted: 31 Aug 2021 08:19 AM PDT Genomic scientists have revealed new insights into the process of human embryonic development using large-scale, whole-genome sequencing of cells and tissues from adult humans. The study analyzes somatic mutations in normal tissue across multiple organs within and between humans.

Revealing the hidden structure of quantum entangled states Posted: 31 Aug 2021 08:19 AM PDT Researchers have shown how to quickly unravel quantum entangled systems, revealing the structure of a 100 dimensional state in mere minutes against decades for a full reconstruction. The work offers a new and fast tool for quantum computing and communication.

Anchoring single atoms Posted: 31 Aug 2021 08:19 AM PDT There is a dictum to 'never change a running system'. New methods can however be far superior to older ones. While to date chemical reactions are mainly accelerated by catalytic materials that comprise several hundreds of atoms, the use of single atoms could provide a new approach for catalysis. An international research team has now developed a new method for anchoring individual atoms in a controlled and stable manner on surfaces. This is an important step towards single atom catalysis.

Extreme sea levels to become much more common worldwide as Earth warms Posted: 31 Aug 2021 08:19 AM PDT A new study predicts that extreme sea levels -- exceptionally high seas due to the combination of tide, waves and storm surge -- along coastlines the world over will become 100 times more frequent by the end of the century in about half of the 7,283 locations studied.

New artificial intelligence tech set to transform heart imaging Posted: 31 Aug 2021 08:19 AM PDT A new artificial-intelligence technology for heart imaging can improve care for patients, allowing doctors to examine their hearts for scar tissue while eliminating the need for contrast injections.

Compact speaker systems direct sound efficiently Posted: 31 Aug 2021 08:19 AM PDT Researchers have developed three designs for compact speaker systems that control the direction of sound more efficiently than previous models. For each speaker, the scientists were able to manipulate the timing and strength of the outgoing sound waves. They combined multiple speakers together into an array and used the constructive and destructive interference of sound waves to their advantage.

Genes can respond to coded information in signals – or filter them out entirely Posted: 31 Aug 2021 08:19 AM PDT Researchers have demonstrated that genes are capable of identifying and responding to coded information in light signals, as well as filtering out some signals entirely. The study shows how a single mechanism can trigger different behaviors from the same gene.

Mentally reattaching to work important for leader success Posted: 31 Aug 2021 06:56 AM PDT A new study found that on the days that leaders and managers were better able to reattach to work in the morning, they experienced higher positive moods and work focus and that in turn allowed them to be more successful throughout the day.

Physicist helps confirm a major advance in stellarator performance Posted: 31 Aug 2021 06:56 AM PDT Results of a heat-confinement experiment on the twisty Wendelstein 7-X stellarator in Germany could enable devices based on the W7-X design to lead to a practical fusion reactor.

Do distressed, help-seeking couples improve on their own? Not much, study says Posted: 31 Aug 2021 06:56 AM PDT Does relationship quality continue to worsen, stabilize, or improve for distressed, help-seeking couples before they receive assistance? A team of researchers sought to answer that question in a new study examining what happens to couples who seek online help for their relationship, but have to wait six months before beginning an intervention program.

Telemedicine appointments reduce risk of further illness Posted: 31 Aug 2021 06:56 AM PDT Telemedicine appointments combined with in-person visits significantly reduced the risk of further illness for children with medically complex cases.

Hong Kong's marine ecosystem over the last 100 years Posted: 31 Aug 2021 05:30 AM PDT The skyscrapers and urban development that have made Hong Kong the 'Pearl' have also generated pollutants that affect the marine species that live in Hong Kong's coastal waters. On-going climate change and dams along the Pearl River have also altered these coastal ecosystems. However, it is largely unknown in what ways they are altered, because we lack information about baseline conditions back then.

Alcohol can cause immediate risk of atrial fibrillation, research finds Posted: 31 Aug 2021 05:30 AM PDT A single glass of wine can quickly -- significantly -- raise the drinker's risk for atrial fibrillation, according to new research.

High virus count in the lungs drives COVID-19 deaths, study finds Posted: 31 Aug 2021 05:30 AM PDT A buildup of coronavirus in the lungs is likely behind the steep mortality rates seen in the pandemic, a new study finds. The results contrast with previous suspicions that simultaneous infections, such as bacterial pneumonia or overreaction of the body's immune defense system, played major roles in heightened risk of death, the investigators say.

'Opihi age, growth, and longevity influenced by Hawaiian intertidal environment Posted: 30 Aug 2021 01:39 PM PDT Crashing waves and water temperature along rocky shorelines strongly influence the growth patterns of the yellowfoot limpet (Cellana sandwicensis) an intertidal species endemic to the Hawaiian Islands.

Bystander CPR with rescue breathing leads to better outcomes in pediatric cardiac arrest: Study Posted: 30 Aug 2021 11:47 AM PDT When children and adolescents go into cardiac arrest outside of a hospital setting, CPR with rescue breathing -- rather than CPR using only chest compressions -- leads to better outcomes, according to a new study. The findings support the use of bystander CPR with rescue breathing in children experiencing cardiac arrest.

Research finds ‘very low rates’ of dental fluoride varnish treatment for young children Posted: 30 Aug 2021 09:32 AM PDT Fewer than 5% of well-child visits for privately insured young children included a recommended dental fluoride varnish application, despite mandatory insurance coverage for this service, according to a new study.

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