ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Powering navigational buoys with help of ocean waves
• 'Where does it hurt?' predicts chronic pain outcomes, study shows
• Study identifies DNA signatures linked to heart disease
• Common weight-loss drug successfully targets fat that can endanger heart health
• Long COVID uncommon in children, analysis finds
• 'Triple contagion': How fears influence coronavirus transmission
• Towards next-gen computers: Mimicking brain functions with graphene-diamond junctions
• Study reveals what triggers lung damage during COVID-19
• Promoting biodiversity-friendly landscapes - beyond organic farming
• Crawling important step in development of risk perception
• Visualizing stress in plastics
• The waste product which could help mitigate climate change
• Physical activity jolts brain into action in the event of depression
• Eating more plant foods may lower heart disease risk in young adults, older women
• Lava lamp tectonics: Research suggests giant blobs of subducted sediment float up through deep Earth
• Frequent consumption of peanuts by cancer patients may increase risk of cancer spread, study finds
• Flexible, wearable X-ray detector doesn’t require heavy metals
• Flu shot protects against severe effects of COVID-19, study finds
• Tiny protein ‘squeezes’ cells like balloon animals
• Built-in vibration control may help soundproof spaces
• Changes in lung tissue indicate preparation for supporting the growth of disseminated breast cancer cells
• ArtSea Ink: A colorful, seaweed-based ink for 3D printing
• Artificial pancreas trialled for outpatients with type 2 diabetes
• Illuminating tissue formation
• Dissolvable smartwatch makes for easier electronics recycling
• Researchers develop coating for endotracheal tubes that releases antimicrobial peptides
• Toward a COVID-19 breathalyzer for kids
• 137 human genomes from the Middle East fill gaps in human history
• Marijuana-like brain substance calms seizures but increases aftereffects, study finds
• New genes linked to longer reproductive lifespan in women
• Study reveals how smell receptors work
• New therapeutic target discovered for a number of aggressive cancers
• Space scientists reveal secret behind Jupiter’s ‘energy crisis’
• Fine particulate air pollution associated with higher risk of dementia
• Nearby star resembles ours in its youth
• Near-atomic look at three ways to thwart SARS-CoV-2 variants
• High-dose gait training with robotic exoskeleton may improve function after acute stroke
• New study yields insights into chronic rejection after lung transplantation
• Researchers use AI to unlock the secrets of ancient texts
• Connective issue: AI learns by doing more with less
• Study reports repair of mitochondrial recycling defect linked to Parkinson’s disease
• Study tracks global death toll of COVID-19 pandemic

Powering navigational buoys with help of ocean waves Posted: 04 Aug 2021 06:01 PM PDT Traditionally used energy harvesting technologies, like photovoltaic panels or wind turbines, suffer from several limitations. In the absence of daylight and wind, neither of the two can supply any power. In the case of ocean buoys, a potential solution is omnipresent: wave energy. Abundant, predictable, and consistent, the ocean's waves can be used to power navigation buoys. Researchers have developed sphere-based triboelectric nanogenerators that can be incorporated directly into navigational buoys to provide electricity from ocean waves.

'Where does it hurt?' predicts chronic pain outcomes, study shows Posted: 04 Aug 2021 11:11 AM PDT Pain distribution as reported on a body map, on its own, can be used to assign patients to distinct subgroups that are associated with differences in pain intensity, pain quality, pain impact and clinically-relevant three-month outcomes, according to a new study.

Study identifies DNA signatures linked to heart disease Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:37 AM PDT A new study identifies DNA signatures associated with risk for cardiovascular disease, a discovery that could lead to opportunities for clinical intervention years before symptoms manifest.

Common weight-loss drug successfully targets fat that can endanger heart health Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:37 AM PDT Researchers have announced successful results of a clinical trial for a commonly prescribed weight-loss drug called liraglutide. In adults who are overweight or have obesity combined with high cardiovascular risk, once-daily liraglutide combined with lifestyle interventions significantly lowered two types of fat that have been associated with risk to heart health: visceral fat and ectopic fat.

Long COVID uncommon in children, analysis finds Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:36 AM PDT Fewer than one in 20 children with symptomatic COVID-19 experienced symptoms lasting longer than 4 weeks, and almost all children have fully recovered by 8 weeks, a new study has found.

'Triple contagion': How fears influence coronavirus transmission Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:36 AM PDT A new mathematical model for predicting infectious disease outbreaks incorporates fear -- both of disease and of vaccines -- to better understand how pandemics can occur in multiple waves of infections, like those we are seeing with COVID-19.

Towards next-gen computers: Mimicking brain functions with graphene-diamond junctions Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:36 AM PDT The human brain holds the secret to our unique personalities. But did you know that it can also form the basis of highly efficient computing devices? Researchers recently showed how to do this, through graphene-diamond junctions that mimic some of the human brain's functions.

Study reveals what triggers lung damage during COVID-19 Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:36 AM PDT Researchers found that a specific subtype of macrophages that originated from blood monocytes plays a key role in the hyper-inflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2 infected lungs, by performing single-cell RNA sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells. This study provides new insights for understanding dynamic changes in immune responses to COVID-19.

Promoting biodiversity-friendly landscapes - beyond organic farming Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:36 AM PDT Is organic farming the only alternative to conventional agriculture to promote biodiversity in agricultural landscapes? An international research team questions this. According to the authors, a landscape mosaic of natural habitats and small-scale and diverse cultivated areas is the key to promoting biodiversity on a large scale in both conventional and organic agriculture. They state that political decision-makers will have to recognize this in order to achieve a corresponding paradigm shift in agriculture.

Crawling important step in development of risk perception Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:36 AM PDT The more crawling experience a baby has, the more likely they are to avoid falling into water, a new study shows.

Visualizing stress in plastics Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:36 AM PDT Researchers have developed dyes that continuously translate stress in plastics by changing color.

The waste product which could help mitigate climate change Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:36 AM PDT Biochar can boost crop yields in poor soils and help stop the effects of climate change, study finds.

Physical activity jolts brain into action in the event of depression Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:36 AM PDT The dual beneficial effect of physical activity in depression is confirmed by a new study: physical activity not only reduces depressive symptoms. It also increases the brain's ability to change.

Eating more plant foods may lower heart disease risk in young adults, older women Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:36 AM PDT Eating a plant-centered diet during young adulthood is associated with a lower risk of heart disease in middle age, according to a long-term study with about 30 years of follow-up. A separate study with about 15 years of follow-up found that eating more plant-based foods that have been shown to lower cholesterol, called the 'Portfolio Diet', is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women.

Lava lamp tectonics: Research suggests giant blobs of subducted sediment float up through deep Earth Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:35 AM PDT Sand and mud subducted off the coast of California around 75 million years ago returned to the Earth's crust by rising up through the mantle as enormous diapirs, like blobs in a lava lamp, new research shows.

Frequent consumption of peanuts by cancer patients may increase risk of cancer spread, study finds Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:35 AM PDT A study has identified new factors accompanying previous findings that frequent consumption of peanuts by cancer patients could increase risk of cancer spread.

Flexible, wearable X-ray detector doesn’t require heavy metals Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:35 AM PDT X-ray imaging is a fast and painless way for doctors to see inside a person. But radiation detectors, which go under the body part being imaged, are rigid panels that contain harmful heavy metals, such as lead and cadmium. Now, researchers report a proof-of-concept wearable X-ray detector prepared from nontoxic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) layered between flexible plastic and gold electrodes for high-sensitivity sensing and imaging.

Flu shot protects against severe effects of COVID-19, study finds Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:35 AM PDT Researchers have shown that the flu vaccine may provide vital protection against COVID-19.

Tiny protein ‘squeezes’ cells like balloon animals Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:35 AM PDT A protein that causes a cell's skeleton to bend, allowing it to twist the cell into different shapes, could be key to how cells divide according to scientists.

Built-in vibration control may help soundproof spaces Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:35 AM PDT A different kind of design for absorbing vibrations could help better soundproof walls and make vehicles more streamlined, a new study shows.

Changes in lung tissue indicate preparation for supporting the growth of disseminated breast cancer cells Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:35 AM PDT A new study has revealed changes in healthy lung tissue which indicate preparation to receive metastases. The changes were identified in the area known as 'the micro-environment' of the tumor, and specifically in connective tissue known as fibroblasts.

ArtSea Ink: A colorful, seaweed-based ink for 3D printing Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:35 AM PDT Some artists are embracing 3D printing as a new medium, allowing them to create intricate 3D compositions that are difficult to produce in any other way. But the rigid, plastic-based materials used in many 3D printers require high heat for workability. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Omega have developed a colorful new ink for 2D and 3D art made of mica pigments in alginate, a sugar from seaweed that forms a stable gel without heat.

Artificial pancreas trialled for outpatients with type 2 diabetes Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:35 AM PDT An artificial pancreas could soon help people living with type 2 diabetes and who also require kidney dialysis. Tests show that the device can help patients safely and effectively manage their blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of low blood sugar levels.

Illuminating tissue formation Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:35 AM PDT Researchers have developed a molecule that fluoresces where new tissue is forming in the body. Alongside helping to detect tumors, the molecule could play a significant role in research of wound healing disorders.

Dissolvable smartwatch makes for easier electronics recycling Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:35 AM PDT Small electronics, including smartwatches and fitness trackers, aren't easily dismantled and recycled. So when a new model comes out, most users send the old devices into hazardous waste streams. To simplify small electronics recycling, researchers have developed a two-metal nanocomposite for circuits that disintegrates when submerged in water. They demonstrated the circuits in a prototype transient device -- a functional smartwatch that dissolved within 40 hours.

Researchers develop coating for endotracheal tubes that releases antimicrobial peptides Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:35 AM PDT In a proof-of-concept study, researchers have created a coating that can be applied to endotracheal tubes and release antimicrobial peptides that target infectious bacteria with specificity. The innovation could reduce upper-airway bacterial inflammation during intubation, a situation that can lead to chronic inflammation and a condition called subglottic stenosis, the narrowing of the airway by an accumulation of scar tissue.

Toward a COVID-19 breathalyzer for kids Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:35 AM PDT Adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhale different metabolites in their breath than uninfected people. Now, researchers have shown that children infected with SARS-CoV-2 also show breath metabolite changes, but they're largely different from the ones in adults. Someday, this information could be used to quickly and easily screen children for infection, the researchers say.

137 human genomes from the Middle East fill gaps in human history Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:35 AM PDT Whole-genome sequencing efforts around the world have offered important insights into human diversity, historical migrations, and the relationships between people of different regions -- but scientists still don't have a complete picture because some regions and people remain understudied. A new study helps to fill one of these big gaps by generating more than 100 high-coverage genome sequences from eight Middle Eastern populations using linked-read sequencing.

Marijuana-like brain substance calms seizures but increases aftereffects, study finds Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:34 AM PDT Release of the brain's equivalent of THC, marijuana's active component, reduces seizure activity but leads to post-seizure oxygen deprivation in the brain, scientists have shown.

New genes linked to longer reproductive lifespan in women Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:34 AM PDT Scientists have identified nearly 300 gene variations that influence reproductive lifespan in women. Additionally, in mice, they have successfully manipulated several key genes associated with these variants to extend their reproductive lifespan. Their findings substantially increase our knowledge of the reproductive ageing process, as well as providing ways to improve the prediction of which women might reach menopause earlier than others.

Study reveals how smell receptors work Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:34 AM PDT The first-ever molecular images of an olfactory receptor at work answer decades-old questions about odor recognition.

New therapeutic target discovered for a number of aggressive cancers Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:34 AM PDT An RNA-modifying protein elevated in some aggressive cancers has been shown to be a promising target for new drug development.

Space scientists reveal secret behind Jupiter’s ‘energy crisis’ Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:33 AM PDT New research has revealed the solution to Jupiter's 'energy crisis', which has puzzled astronomers for decades.

Fine particulate air pollution associated with higher risk of dementia Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:31 AM PDT Using data from two large, long-running study projects in the Puget Sound region -- one that began in the late 1970s measuring air pollution and another on risk factors for dementia that began in 1994 -- researchers identified a link between air pollution and dementia.

Nearby star resembles ours in its youth Posted: 04 Aug 2021 09:30 AM PDT New research provides a closer look at a nearby star thought to resemble our young Sun. The work allows scientists to better understand what our Sun may have been like when it was young, and how it may have shaped the atmosphere of our planet and the development of life on Earth.

Near-atomic look at three ways to thwart SARS-CoV-2 variants Posted: 03 Aug 2021 02:53 PM PDT A structural analysis of llama-derived nanobodies interacting with SARS-CoV-2 describes three mechanisms the microscopic molecules use to disarm the virus and its variants, pointing to new therapeutic possibilities -- including a universal coronavirus vaccine.

High-dose gait training with robotic exoskeleton may improve function after acute stroke Posted: 03 Aug 2021 02:52 PM PDT Researchers report advances in inpatient rehabilitation for acute stroke. Their findings indicate early intervention using the robotic exoskeleton for high-dose gait training may improve function.

New study yields insights into chronic rejection after lung transplantation Posted: 03 Aug 2021 02:52 PM PDT Identification of protein signatures of remodeled airways may help develop therapies to improve long-term outcomes, according to new research.

Researchers use AI to unlock the secrets of ancient texts Posted: 03 Aug 2021 02:52 PM PDT Researchers at University of Notre Dame are developing an artificial neural network to read complex ancient handwriting based on human perception to improve capabilities of deep learning transcription.

Connective issue: AI learns by doing more with less Posted: 03 Aug 2021 02:52 PM PDT New research reveals constraints can lead to learning in AI systems.

Study reports repair of mitochondrial recycling defect linked to Parkinson’s disease Posted: 03 Aug 2021 11:27 AM PDT A study in mice shows that an experimental small molecule helped restore the removal of damaged mitochondria from dopamine-producing brain cells.

Study tracks global death toll of COVID-19 pandemic Posted: 03 Aug 2021 09:14 AM PDT Using the World Mortality Dataset, the largest existing collection of mortality data, researchers have tracked the impact of COVID-19 across more than 100 countries.

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