ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• How relaxing COVID-19 restrictions could pave the way for vaccine resistance
• Body size, digestive systems shape ungulate foraging
• Differences in financial risk preferences can make or break a marriage
• Global dementia cases forecasted to triple by 2050
• The pulse of the Dead Sea
• More than just walking: A new role for core brain region
• Magnetic 'balding' of black holes saves general relativity prediction
• To de-ice planes on the fly, researchers aim to control rather than combat ice formation
• A naturally inspired, reusable system that purifies water and builds itself
• Patients report long-term favorable effects of weight loss surgery in their daily lives
• Bushfires, not pandemic lockdowns, had biggest impact on global climate in 2020
• Study shows why beer mats do not fly in a straight line
• Wirelessly charging multiple devices simultaneously
• Fruit fly offers lessons in good taste
• Model can predict how drug interactions influence antibiotic resistance
• Selenium may support deep microbial life in Earth's continental crust
• Black American women with vitamin D insufficiency more likely to test positive for COVID-19, study finds
• Emphasize personal health benefits of COVID-19 vaccination, experts say
• Early signs: Perceptual distortions in late-teens predict psychotic symptoms in mid-life
• Breakthrough research examines the effects introduced animals had on Madagascar’s extinct megafauna
• New strategy for drug design: Keeping copper atoms closer to keep bacteria away
• Turning diapers into sticky notes: Using chemical recycling to prevent millions of tons of waste
• Bird’s-eye view could be key to navigating without GPS
• Genomic secrets of deep-sea tubeworm
• New insights into the relationship between how we feel and our views on aging
• Under pressure, 'squishy' compound reacts in remarkable ways
• Scientists uncover how decisions about what we see are relayed back through the brain
• Researchers demonstrate technique for recycling nanowires in electronics
• Possible future for Western wildfires: Decade-long burst, followed by gradual decline
• New approach for cell therapy shows potential against solid tumors with KRAS mutations
• Eating for hunger or pleasure? Regulating these feeding behaviors involves different brain circuits
• Turning the molecular clock back on suppresses neuroblastoma tumor growth
• On the hunt for ‘hierarchical’ black holes
• Leader effectiveness may depend on emotional expression
• Cultural biases impact native fish, too
• Three dwarf spheroidal galaxies found to rotate
• Measuring creativity, one word at a time
• DNA tags enable blood-based tests to assess cancer treatment outcomes
• T cell response not critical for immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 or recovery from COVID-19, study finds
• Scientists discover early signs of frontotemporal dementia in personalized cerebral organoids
• New breakthrough to help immune systems in the fight against cancer
• Using silicone wristbands to measure air quality

How relaxing COVID-19 restrictions could pave the way for vaccine resistance Posted: 27 Jul 2021 04:53 PM PDT A new article outlines how relaxing Covid-19 restrictions could pave the way for new vaccine-resistant virus mutations. It describes how we are in an 'arms race' with the virus and how rising cases could provide opportunities for it to evolve into even more transmissible variants. The researchers say that any new variants could be more virulent, more vaccine resistant, and more dangerous for children and vulnerable groups such as transplant patients.

Body size, digestive systems shape ungulate foraging Posted: 27 Jul 2021 02:37 PM PDT Smaller-bodied ruminants forage primarily for the highest energy intake, while equids -- which tend to be larger -- choose to forage in areas close to surface water, with less attention to forage condition.

Differences in financial risk preferences can make or break a marriage Posted: 27 Jul 2021 02:17 PM PDT While it is well known that fighting over money can lead couples to divorce court, new research finds that differences in risk preferences, especially when it comes to financial matters, are likely a root cause of marital separation.

Global dementia cases forecasted to triple by 2050 Posted: 27 Jul 2021 02:17 PM PDT Positive trends in global education access are expected to decrease dementia prevalence worldwide by 6.2 million cases by the year 2050. Meanwhile, anticipated trends in smoking, high body mass index and high blood sugar are predicted to increase prevalence by nearly the same number: 6.8 million cases.

The pulse of the Dead Sea Posted: 27 Jul 2021 02:17 PM PDT Researchers have for the first time demonstrated a direct link between the decrease in the Dead Sea's water table, evaporation and land subsidence.

More than just walking: A new role for core brain region Posted: 27 Jul 2021 02:17 PM PDT For decades, a key brain area has been thought to merely regulate locomotion. Now, a research group has shown that the region is involved in much more than walking, as it contains distinct populations of neurons that control different body movements. The findings could help to improve certain therapies for Parkinson's disease.

Magnetic 'balding' of black holes saves general relativity prediction Posted: 27 Jul 2021 02:16 PM PDT Magnetic fields around black holes decay quickly, researchers report. This finding backs up the so-called 'no-hair conjecture' predicted by Einstein's general relativity.

To de-ice planes on the fly, researchers aim to control rather than combat ice formation Posted: 27 Jul 2021 02:16 PM PDT How do you control ice formation on a plane, even when it's in flight? Engineers are developing an approach using ice itself. They created a de-icing method that exploits how frost grows on pillar structures to suspend ice as it forms into a layer that's easier to remove.

A naturally inspired, reusable system that purifies water and builds itself Posted: 27 Jul 2021 02:16 PM PDT In nature, the interaction of molecules at the boundary of different liquids can give rise to new structures. These self-assembling molecules make cell formation possible and are instrumental to the development of all life on Earth. They can also be engineered to perform specific functions -- and now, a team of researchers has leveraged this opportunity to develop a material that could remove persistent pollutants from water.

Patients report long-term favorable effects of weight loss surgery in their daily lives Posted: 27 Jul 2021 02:16 PM PDT A new study shows that over the course of five years, patients who had bariatric and metabolic surgery to treat uncontrolled type 2 diabetes reported greater physical health, more energy, less body pain, and less negative effects of diabetes in their daily lives, compared with patients who had medical therapy alone for their diabetes.

Bushfires, not pandemic lockdowns, had biggest impact on global climate in 2020 Posted: 27 Jul 2021 02:16 PM PDT The devastating bushfires in Australia had a larger impact on the world's 2020 climate than the pandemic-related lockdowns, as plumes of smoke cooled global temperatures and pushed tropical thunderstorms northward. New research indicates that regional wildfires can have far-reaching climatic effects that are comparable to a major volcanic eruption.

Study shows why beer mats do not fly in a straight line Posted: 27 Jul 2021 02:15 PM PDT Anyone who has ever failed to throw a beer mat into a hat should take note: physicists have discovered why this task is so difficult. However, their study also suggests how to significantly increase accuracy and range.

Wirelessly charging multiple devices simultaneously Posted: 27 Jul 2021 02:15 PM PDT A new type of wireless charger can charge multiple devices simultaneously, researchers report. The device transfers energy with 90 percent efficiency within 20-centimeter charging range.

Fruit fly offers lessons in good taste Posted: 27 Jul 2021 02:15 PM PDT The fruit fly has multiple taste organs throughout its body to detect chemicals, called tastants, that signal whether a food is palatable or harmful. It is still unclear, however, how individual neurons in each taste organ act to control feeding. To explore this question, a team used the fly pharynx as a model to study whether taste information regulates sugar and amino acid consumption at the cellular level.

Model can predict how drug interactions influence antibiotic resistance Posted: 27 Jul 2021 02:15 PM PDT A model using simple changes in microbe growth curves could predict how drug resistance evolves in response to different antibiotic combinations, doses and sequences.

Selenium may support deep microbial life in Earth's continental crust Posted: 27 Jul 2021 02:15 PM PDT International drilling efforts over the last decades into the seafloor have provided increasing evidence for the existence of an extensive deep biosphere below the seafloor. There, circulating fluids in the sub-seafloor deliver chemical compounds from which energy is produced to fuel microbial life in such deep ecosystems. Our understanding of the role of such chemolithotrophic microbes in the continental deep biosphere, however, is much more limited due to poor accessibility.

Black American women with vitamin D insufficiency more likely to test positive for COVID-19, study finds Posted: 27 Jul 2021 01:32 PM PDT In a recent study of Black American women, low levels of vitamin D appeared to be related to increased incidence of COVID-19 infection.

Emphasize personal health benefits of COVID-19 vaccination, experts say Posted: 27 Jul 2021 01:32 PM PDT Several forms of public messages can increase vaccination intentions, but messaging that emphasizes personal health benefits has the largest impact.

Early signs: Perceptual distortions in late-teens predict psychotic symptoms in mid-life Posted: 27 Jul 2021 01:32 PM PDT Subtle differences in perception during late-teen years can predict the development of hallucinations, delusions, and, in some instances, psychosis later in life, according to new research.

Breakthrough research examines the effects introduced animals had on Madagascar’s extinct megafauna Posted: 27 Jul 2021 01:32 PM PDT Madagascar is renowned for its unique and varied biodiversity, which spans dry grasslands, wet rain forests, mangroves and deserts. This variety, combined with the island's isolation and size, has fostered distinctive assemblages of plants and animals, including the country's famous lemurs and baobab trees.

New strategy for drug design: Keeping copper atoms closer to keep bacteria away Posted: 27 Jul 2021 01:32 PM PDT Hydrogen peroxide reacts with copper to produce hydroxyl radicals with strong antibacterial properties. However, this requires high copper concentrations because two copper atoms have to come close together, which occurs by chance. Now, scientists have engineered a long polymer with copper-containing side units that create regions with locally high copper density, boosting the antibacterial activity of hydrogen peroxide and paving the way to a new drug design concept.

Turning diapers into sticky notes: Using chemical recycling to prevent millions of tons of waste Posted: 27 Jul 2021 01:32 PM PDT Every year, 3.5 million metric tons of sodden diapers end up in landfills.

Bird’s-eye view could be key to navigating without GPS Posted: 27 Jul 2021 11:53 AM PDT A bird's-eye view may take on new meaning thanks to new research. Scientists found that a protein in bird's retinas is sensitive to the Earth's magnetic field thus guiding its migratory patterns. That finding could be key to Army navigation of both autonomous and manned vehicles where GPS is unavailable.

Genomic secrets of deep-sea tubeworm Posted: 27 Jul 2021 11:53 AM PDT Researchers have decoded the chromosomal-level genome of a deep-sea gutless tubeworm and the genome of its co-living 'partner' -- a kind of bacteria that provide nutrients they generate from inorganic compounds to the worm for the first time, explaining how the pair adapts to the extreme habitat. Their discovery lays foundation for potential applications such as nutrient generation, biomaterial production and microbial growth control.

New insights into the relationship between how we feel and our views on aging Posted: 27 Jul 2021 11:52 AM PDT A new study finds that the disconnect between how old we feel and how old we want to be can offer insights into the relationship between our views on aging and our health.

Under pressure, 'squishy' compound reacts in remarkable ways Posted: 27 Jul 2021 11:52 AM PDT When a compound of manganese and sulfide (MnS2) is compressed in a diamond anvil, it transitions from an insulator into a metallic state and back into an insulator. This is accompanied by unprecedented decreases in resistance and volume across an extremely narrow range of pressure changes at room temperatue, say researchers.

Scientists uncover how decisions about what we see are relayed back through the brain Posted: 27 Jul 2021 11:52 AM PDT Researchers have discovered that decisions based on visual information, which involve a complex stream of data flowing forward and backwards along the brain's visual pathways, is broadcast widely to neurons in the visual system, including to those that are not being used to make the decision.

Researchers demonstrate technique for recycling nanowires in electronics Posted: 27 Jul 2021 11:52 AM PDT Researchers have demonstrated a low-cost technique for retrieving nanowires from electronic devices that have reached the end of their utility and then using those nanowires in new devices. The work is a step toward more sustainable electronics.

Possible future for Western wildfires: Decade-long burst, followed by gradual decline Posted: 27 Jul 2021 10:44 AM PDT A model of the eastern California forests of the Sierra Nevada looks at the longer-term future of wildfires under future climate change scenarios. Results show an initial roughly decade-long burst of wildfire activity, followed by recurring fires of decreasing area -- a pattern that could apply to other hot, dry forests in the West.

New approach for cell therapy shows potential against solid tumors with KRAS mutations Posted: 27 Jul 2021 10:14 AM PDT A new technology for cellular immunotherapy showed promising anti-tumor activity in the lab against hard-to-treat cancers driven by the once-considered "undruggable" KRAS mutation, including lung, colorectal, and pancreatic.

Eating for hunger or pleasure? Regulating these feeding behaviors involves different brain circuits Posted: 27 Jul 2021 10:14 AM PDT Researchers discovered that although the brain regulates feeding for pleasure and for hunger through serotonin-producing neurons in the midbrain, each type of feeding is wired by its own independent circuit that does not influence the other type of feeding.

Turning the molecular clock back on suppresses neuroblastoma tumor growth Posted: 27 Jul 2021 10:14 AM PDT Researchers show that restoring normal function of the molecular clock suppresses tumor growth in advanced neuroblastoma and can make tumors more sensitive to conventional chemotherapy.

On the hunt for ‘hierarchical’ black holes Posted: 27 Jul 2021 10:14 AM PDT Black holes, detected by their gravitational wave signal as they collide with other black holes, could be the product of much earlier parent collisions. Such an event has only been hinted at so far, but scientists believe we are getting close to tracking down the first of these so-called 'hierarchical' black holes.

Leader effectiveness may depend on emotional expression Posted: 27 Jul 2021 09:13 AM PDT Women leaders must often battle sexist stereotypes that label them 'too emotional' for effective leadership. A surprising new study shows that when they express calm, happy emotions, however, women are perceived as more effective leaders than men. The effect is most pronounced for leaders in top positions in an organization.

Cultural biases impact native fish, too Posted: 27 Jul 2021 09:12 AM PDT From art to religion to land use, much of what is deemed valuable in the United States was shaped centuries ago by the white male perspective. Fish, it turns out, are no exception. A study explores how colonialist attitudes toward native fishes were rooted in elements of racism and sexism. It describes how those attitudes continue to shape fisheries management today, often to the detriment of native fishes.

Three dwarf spheroidal galaxies found to rotate Posted: 27 Jul 2021 09:12 AM PDT Astrophysicists have discovered the presence of transverse rotation (in the plane of the sky) in three dwarf spheroidal galaxies, a very faint type of galaxies and difficult to observe, which are orbiting round the Milky Way; this helps to trace their evolutionary history.

Measuring creativity, one word at a time Posted: 27 Jul 2021 08:19 AM PDT Can you think of three words that are completely unrelated to one another? What about four, five, or even ten? According to researchers, this simple exercise of naming unrelated words and then measuring the semantic distance between them could serve as an objective measure of creativity.

DNA tags enable blood-based tests to assess cancer treatment outcomes Posted: 27 Jul 2021 08:02 AM PDT Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) shed into the blood was discovered in the late 1940s but with rapid advances in genomics and computational analytics in just the past few years, researchers now believe that studying tags, or modifications to this type of DNA, may lead to a better understanding of how to assess, and possibly modulate, treatment approaches for cancer and other diseases.

T cell response not critical for immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 or recovery from COVID-19, study finds Posted: 27 Jul 2021 07:47 AM PDT New research conducted in monkeys reveals that T cells are not critical for the recovery of primates from acute COVID-19 infections.

Scientists discover early signs of frontotemporal dementia in personalized cerebral organoids Posted: 26 Jul 2021 08:48 PM PDT Frontotemporal dementias are a group of fatal and debilitating brain disorders for which there are no cures. Researchers describe how they were able to recreate much of the damage seen in a widely studied form of the disease by growing special types of cerebral organoids in petri dishes. This form of the disease is caused by a genetic mutation in tau, a protein that is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. By studying these organoids, the scientists discovered how the mutated tau protein may trigger the death of a specific class of neurons known to be vulnerable in frontotemporal dementia. They also showed that they could prevent the death of these neurons by treating the organoids with an experimental drug, originally designed to combat Crohn's disease.

New breakthrough to help immune systems in the fight against cancer Posted: 26 Jul 2021 12:29 PM PDT New research has identified potential treatment that could improve the human immune system's ability to search out and destroy cancer cells within the body. Scientists have identified a way to restrict the activity of a group of cells which regulate the immune system, which in turn can unleash other immune cells to attack tumours in cancer patients.

Using silicone wristbands to measure air quality Posted: 23 Jul 2021 12:45 PM PDT Inexpensive and convenient devices such as silicone wristbands can be used to yield quantitative air quality data, which is particularly appealing for periods of susceptibility such as pregnancy.

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