ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• RNA scientists identify many genes involved in neuron development
• Researchers identify protein produced after stroke that triggers neurodegeneration
• New AI tool calculates materials' stress and strain based on photos
• Fishing in African waters
• How to build a better 'nanopore' biosensor
• Incentives could turn costs of biofuel mandates into environmental benefits
• Silicon could be a photonics game-changer
• Arctic stew: Understanding how high-latitude lakes respond to and affect climate change
• Study links hydraulic fracking with increased risk of heart attack hospitalization, death
• Exposure to high heat neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 in less than one second, study finds
• New duckbilled dinosaur discovered in Japan
• Cultivated seaweed can soak up excess nutrients plaguing human health and marine life
• Scientists design 'nanotraps' to catch, clear coronavirus
• Research shows consuming prebiotic supplements once a day has a positive impact on anxiety levels
• Following nature's cue, researchers build successful, sustainable industrial networks
• Scientists reveal how brain cells in Alzheimer's go awry, lose their identity
• Hepatitis C drugs combined with Remdesivir show strong effectiveness against COVID-19, study finds
• Few young adult men have gotten the HPV vaccine
• New 2D superconductor forms at higher temperatures
• Anesthesia doesn't simply turn off the brain, it changes its rhythms
• Marine biodiversity: Enormous variety of animal life in the deep sea revealed
• New approaches for teaching science remotely arise from the COVID-19 crisis
• New chemical tool that sheds light on how proteins recognize and interact with each other
• Physicists net neutron star gold from measurement of lead
• Researchers show new holistic approach to genetics and plant breeding
• Astronomers detect hydroxyl molecule signature in an exoplanet atmosphere
• Nature provides inspiration for breakthrough in self-regulating materials
• Breastfeeding linked to higher neurocognitive testing scores in offspring
• Mangrove genetic diversity in Africa
• New method preserves viable fruit fly embryos in liquid nitrogen
• New two-dimensional material
• The new EU climate target could phase out coal power in Europe as early as 2030
• Comprehensive single-cell atlas of human teeth
• How oxygen radicals protect against cancer
• Men's loneliness linked to an increased risk of cancer
• Rain, rain, go away: New waterproofing solution
• Neural implant monitors multiple brain areas at once, provides new neuroscience insights
• Future drones likely to resemble 300-million-year-old flying machine
• The bluest of blue: A new algae-based switch is lighting up biological research
• Value from sewage? New technology makes pig farming more environmentally friendly
• Plasma acceleration: It's all in the mix
• Study first to explore combined impacts of fishing and ocean warming on fish populations
• Energy-saving gas turbines from the 3D printer
• Skin and bones repaired by bioprinting during surgery
• Vertical turbines could be the future for wind farms
• Extinct 'horned' crocodile gets new spot in the tree of life
• Researcher re-evaluates estimate of the world's high-altitude population
• Genetic discovery in songbird provides new insights
• Fully recyclable printed electronics developed
• Asteroid that hit Botswana in 2018 likely came from Vesta, scientists say

RNA scientists identify many genes involved in neuron development Posted: 27 Apr 2021 03:22 PM PDT A team has identified many genes that are important in fruit flies' neuron development, and that had never been described before in that context.

Researchers identify protein produced after stroke that triggers neurodegeneration Posted: 27 Apr 2021 01:32 PM PDT Researchers have identified a new protein implicated in cell death that provides a potential therapeutic target that could prevent or delay the progress of neurodegenerative diseases following a stroke.

New AI tool calculates materials' stress and strain based on photos Posted: 27 Apr 2021 01:32 PM PDT Researchers developed a machine-learning technique that uses an image to estimate the stresses and strains acting on a material. The advance could accelerate engineers' design process by eliminating the need to solve complex equations.

Fishing in African waters Posted: 27 Apr 2021 01:32 PM PDT Industrial fleets from countries around the world have been increasingly fishing in African waters, but with climate change and increasing pollution threatening Africa's fish stocks, there is a growing concern of the sustainability of these marine fisheries if they continue to be exploited.

How to build a better 'nanopore' biosensor Posted: 27 Apr 2021 11:36 AM PDT Researchers have spent more than three decades developing and studying miniature biosensors that can identify single molecules. To boost the accuracy and speed of these measurements, scientists must find ways to better understand how molecules interact with these sensors. Researchers have now developed a new approach.

Incentives could turn costs of biofuel mandates into environmental benefits Posted: 27 Apr 2021 10:55 AM PDT Researchers examined the economic and environmental costs of the Renewable Fuels Standard mandates through 2030, including the impact on water quality in the Mississippi River basin and Gulf of Mexico. Models showed maintaining the corn ethanol mandate will lead to substantial social and environmental costs because it incentivizes expanded corn production. But the cellulosic ethanol mandate can provide an overall benefit with the right performance-based policies.

Silicon could be a photonics game-changer Posted: 27 Apr 2021 10:55 AM PDT New research has shown that silicon could be one of the most powerful materials for photonic informational manipulation - opening up new possibilities for the production of lasers and displays.

Arctic stew: Understanding how high-latitude lakes respond to and affect climate change Posted: 27 Apr 2021 10:54 AM PDT To arrive at Nunavut, turn left at the Dakotas and head north. You can't miss it -- the vast tundra territory covers almost a million square miles of northern Canada. Relatively few people call this lake-scattered landscape home, but the region plays a crucial role in understanding global climate change.

Study links hydraulic fracking with increased risk of heart attack hospitalization, death Posted: 27 Apr 2021 09:24 AM PDT New research compares the health impacts of fracking on either side of the New York and Pennsylvania border and found that people who live in areas with a high concentration of fracking wells are at higher risk for heart attacks.

Exposure to high heat neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 in less than one second, study finds Posted: 27 Apr 2021 09:24 AM PDT Researchers have designed an experimental system that shows exposure of SARS-CoV-2 to a very high temperature, even if applied for less than a second, can be sufficient to neutralize the virus so that it can no longer infect another human host.

New duckbilled dinosaur discovered in Japan Posted: 27 Apr 2021 09:24 AM PDT An international team of paleontologists has identified a new genus and species of hadrosaur or duck-billed dinosaur, Yamatosaurus izanagii, on one of Japan's southern islands. The fossilized discovery yields new information about hadrosaur migration, suggesting that the herbivors migrated from Asia to North America instead of vice versa. The discovery also illustrates an evolutionary step as the giant creatures evolved from walking upright to walking on all fours.

Cultivated seaweed can soak up excess nutrients plaguing human health and marine life Posted: 27 Apr 2021 09:24 AM PDT It's easy to think that more nutrients -- the stuff life needs to grow and thrive -- would foster more vibrant ecosystems. Yet nutrient pollution has in fact wrought havoc on marine systems, contributing to harmful algae blooms, worse water quality and oxygen-poor dead zones.

Scientists design 'nanotraps' to catch, clear coronavirus Posted: 27 Apr 2021 09:24 AM PDT Researchers have designed a completely novel potential treatment for COVID-19: nanoparticles that capture SARS-CoV-2 viruses within the body and then use the body's own immune system to destroy it.

Research shows consuming prebiotic supplements once a day has a positive impact on anxiety levels Posted: 27 Apr 2021 09:24 AM PDT A new study has found that 4-weeks of daily galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) prebiotic intake can reduce anxiety levels and result in an overall improvement in wellbeing in young women.

Following nature's cue, researchers build successful, sustainable industrial networks Posted: 27 Apr 2021 08:38 AM PDT By translating the pattern of interconnections between nature's food chains to industrial networks, researchers have delineated guidelines for setting up successful industrial communities. The researchers said this guidance can facilitate economic growth, lower emissions and reduce waste while simultaneously ensure that partnering industries can recover from unexpected disturbances.

Scientists reveal how brain cells in Alzheimer's go awry, lose their identity Posted: 27 Apr 2021 08:38 AM PDT Despite the prevalence of Alzheimer's, there are still no treatments, in part because it has been challenging to study how the disease develops. Now, scientists have uncovered new insights into what goes awry during Alzheimer's by growing neurons that resemble -- more accurately than ever before -- brain cells in older patients. And like patients themselves, the afflicted neurons appear to lose their cellular identity.

Hepatitis C drugs combined with Remdesivir show strong effectiveness against COVID-19, study finds Posted: 27 Apr 2021 08:38 AM PDT A combination of remdesivir, a drug currently approved in the United States for treating COVID-19 patients, and repurposed drugs for hepatitis C virus (HCV) was 10 times more effective at inhibiting SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, a study found.

Few young adult men have gotten the HPV vaccine Posted: 27 Apr 2021 08:38 AM PDT Using data from the 2010-2018 National Health Interview Surveys, researchers found that just 16% of men who were 18 to 21 years old had received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine at any age. In comparison, 42% of women in the same age bracket had gotten at least one shot of the vaccine.

New 2D superconductor forms at higher temperatures Posted: 27 Apr 2021 08:37 AM PDT Researchers have discovered a new way to generate 2D superconductivity at an interface of an insulating oxide material, at high transition temperatures.

Anesthesia doesn't simply turn off the brain, it changes its rhythms Posted: 27 Apr 2021 08:07 AM PDT Simultaneous measurement of neural rhythms and spikes across five brain areas in animals reveals how propofol induces unconsciousness. Slow rhythm signature can guide anesthesiologists to improve patient care.

Marine biodiversity: Enormous variety of animal life in the deep sea revealed Posted: 27 Apr 2021 08:06 AM PDT New research method combines different types of data, revealing that the deep-sea basins in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans have unique species communities that are threatened by economic exploitation.

New approaches for teaching science remotely arise from the COVID-19 crisis Posted: 27 Apr 2021 08:06 AM PDT A new paper on college science classes taught remotely points to teaching methods that enhance student communication and collaboration, offering a framework for enriching online instruction as the coronavirus pandemic continues to limit in-person courses.

New chemical tool that sheds light on how proteins recognize and interact with each other Posted: 27 Apr 2021 08:06 AM PDT A research group has developed a novel chemical tool for elucidating protein interaction networks in cells. This tool not only facilitates the identification of a protein's interacting partners in the complex cellular context, but also simultaneously allows the 'visualization' of these protein-protein interactions.

Physicists net neutron star gold from measurement of lead Posted: 27 Apr 2021 08:06 AM PDT Nuclear physicists have made a new, highly accurate measurement of the thickness of the neutron 'skin' that encompasses the lead nucleus in experiments. The result, which revealed a neutron skin thickness of .28 millionths of a nanometer, has important implications for the structure and size of neutron stars.

Researchers show new holistic approach to genetics and plant breeding Posted: 27 Apr 2021 08:06 AM PDT A group of researchers has discovered a new approach to cereal plant breeding that takes into account the internal 'calculator' of plant seeds that makes them continuously reorganize themselves (global coherence). The approach includes unforeseen and unintended changes in the plant when genetically manipulated by the plant breeders. The researchers expect that the method can be used to improve the world's crops much more efficiently.

Astronomers detect hydroxyl molecule signature in an exoplanet atmosphere Posted: 27 Apr 2021 08:06 AM PDT Astronomers have detected a new chemical signature in the atmosphere of an extrasolar planet (a planet that orbits a star other than our Sun). The hydroxyl radical (OH) was found on the dayside of the exoplanet WASP-33b -- a so-called 'ultra-hot Jupiter', a gas-giant planet orbiting its host star much closer than Mercury orbits the Sun and therefore reaching atmospheric temperatures of more than 2,500° C.

Nature provides inspiration for breakthrough in self-regulating materials Posted: 27 Apr 2021 08:06 AM PDT Scientists have long sought to invent materials that can respond to the external world in predictable, self-regulating ways. Now, new research brings us one step closer to that goal. For their inspiration, the scientists looked to nature.

Breastfeeding linked to higher neurocognitive testing scores in offspring Posted: 27 Apr 2021 08:06 AM PDT New research finds that children who were breastfed scored higher on neurocognitive tests. Researchers analyzed thousands of cognitive tests taken by nine and ten-year-olds whose mothers reported they were breastfed, and compared those results to scores of children who were not.

Mangrove genetic diversity in Africa Posted: 27 Apr 2021 08:06 AM PDT Researcher have published a large-scale study examining the genetic diversity of mangroves over more than 1,800 miles of coastline in the Western Indian Ocean, including Eastern Africa and several islands. This work showcases how oceanic currents create both connectivity and barriers between mangrove populations, with important implications for how to protect these ecosystems.

New method preserves viable fruit fly embryos in liquid nitrogen Posted: 27 Apr 2021 08:06 AM PDT A team has developed a method that cryopreserves fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) embryos so they can be successfully recovered and developed into adult insects.

New two-dimensional material Posted: 27 Apr 2021 06:48 AM PDT An international team has discovered a previously unknown two-dimensional material by using modern high-pressure technology. The new material, beryllonitrene, consists of regularly arranged nitrogen and beryllium atoms. It has an unusual electronic lattice structure that shows great potential for applications in quantum technology.

The new EU climate target could phase out coal power in Europe as early as 2030 Posted: 27 Apr 2021 06:48 AM PDT Tightening the EU emissions trading system (EU ETS) in line with the EU Green Deal would dramatically speed up the decarbonization of Europe's power sector - and likely cause a demise of the coal industry.

Comprehensive single-cell atlas of human teeth Posted: 27 Apr 2021 06:48 AM PDT Researchers have mapped the first complete atlas of single cells that make up the human teeth. Their research shows that the composition of human dental pulp and periodontium vary greatly. Their findings open up new avenues for cell-based dental therapeutic approaches.

How oxygen radicals protect against cancer Posted: 27 Apr 2021 06:48 AM PDT Oxygen radicals in the body are generally considered dangerous because they can trigger something called oxidative stress, which is associated with the development of many chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. In studies on mice, scientists have now discovered how oxygen radicals, conversely, can also reduce the risk of cancer and mitigate damage to the hereditary molecule DNA.

Men's loneliness linked to an increased risk of cancer Posted: 27 Apr 2021 06:48 AM PDT A recent study shows that loneliness among middle-aged men is associated with an increased risk of cancer.

Rain, rain, go away: New waterproofing solution Posted: 27 Apr 2021 06:47 AM PDT A new coating solution can transform regular materials into waterproof surfaces. The product will be cheaper to produce, free of harmful fluorinated compounds, and effective on a variety of materials.

Neural implant monitors multiple brain areas at once, provides new neuroscience insights Posted: 27 Apr 2021 06:47 AM PDT How do different parts of the brain communicate with each other during learning and memory formation? A new study takes a first step at answering this fundamental neuroscience question, thanks to a neural implant that monitors multiple brain regions at the same time.

Future drones likely to resemble 300-million-year-old flying machine Posted: 27 Apr 2021 06:47 AM PDT Researchers have drawn inspiration from a 300-million-year-old superior flying machine - the dragonfly - to show why future flapping wing drones will probably resemble the insect in shape, wings and gearing.

The bluest of blue: A new algae-based switch is lighting up biological research Posted: 27 Apr 2021 06:47 AM PDT Scientists have discovered a novel ion channel protein that can be controlled by light, in a species of terrestrial alga. These channels respond to the shorter indigo blue wavelength of light, according to the researchers. Subsequent light-based manipulations of the channel find potential applications in the modulations of specific functions of nerves, muscles, and more, for biological research.

Value from sewage? New technology makes pig farming more environmentally friendly Posted: 27 Apr 2021 06:47 AM PDT A novel nitrate removal system can clean up the wastewater produced by swine farms.

Plasma acceleration: It's all in the mix Posted: 27 Apr 2021 06:47 AM PDT Scientists are celebrating not just one but two milestones in the development of innovative plasma accelerators. A group of scientists used their accelerator to test a technique that allows the energy distribution of the electron beams produced to be kept particularly narrow. They also used artificial intelligence to allow the accelerator to optimize its own operation.

Study first to explore combined impacts of fishing and ocean warming on fish populations Posted: 27 Apr 2021 05:58 AM PDT The combined effect of rapid ocean warming and the practice of targeting big fish is affecting the viability of wild populations and global fish stock says new research.

Energy-saving gas turbines from the 3D printer Posted: 27 Apr 2021 05:58 AM PDT 3D printing has opened up a completely new range of possibilities. One example is the production of novel turbine buckets. However, the 3D printing process often induces internal stress in the components which can in the worst case lead to cracks. Now a research team has succeeded in using neutrons for non-destructive detection of this internal stress - a key achievement for the improvement of the production processes.

Skin and bones repaired by bioprinting during surgery Posted: 27 Apr 2021 05:57 AM PDT Fixing traumatic injuries to the skin and bones of the face and skull is difficult because of the many layers of different types of tissues involved, but now, researchers have repaired such defects in a rat model using bioprinting during surgery, and their work may lead to faster and better methods of healing skin and bones.

Vertical turbines could be the future for wind farms Posted: 27 Apr 2021 05:57 AM PDT The now-familiar sight of traditional propeller wind turbines could be replaced in the future with wind farms containing more compact and efficient vertical turbines. New research has found that the vertical turbine design is far more efficient than traditional turbines in large scale wind farms, and when set in pairs the vertical turbines increase each other's performance by up to 15%.

Extinct 'horned' crocodile gets new spot in the tree of life Posted: 27 Apr 2021 05:57 AM PDT New research has resolved a long-standing controversy about an extinct 'horned' crocodile that likely lived among humans in Madagascar. Based on ancient DNA, the study shows that the horned crocodile was closely related to 'true' crocodiles, including the famous Nile crocodile, but on a separate branch of the crocodile family tree. The study contradicts recent scientific thinking and also suggests that the ancestor of modern crocodiles likely originated in Africa.

Researcher re-evaluates estimate of the world's high-altitude population Posted: 26 Apr 2021 12:48 PM PDT New findings detailing the world's estimate of how many people live in high-altitude regions will provide insight into future research of human physiology.

Genetic discovery in songbird provides new insights Posted: 26 Apr 2021 12:48 PM PDT A new study reveals that zebra finches and other songbirds have a low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene surprisingly different than other vertebrates.

Fully recyclable printed electronics developed Posted: 26 Apr 2021 11:09 AM PDT Engineers have developed fully recyclable printed electronics. By demonstrating a crucial and relatively complex computer component -- the transistor -- created with three carbon-based inks, the researchers hope to inspire a new generation of recyclable electronics to help fight the growing global epidemic of electronic waste.

Asteroid that hit Botswana in 2018 likely came from Vesta, scientists say Posted: 26 Apr 2021 11:09 AM PDT An international team of researchers searched for pieces of a small asteroid tracked in space and then observed to impact Botswana on June 2, 2018.

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