ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• CBD reduces plaque, improves cognition in model of familial Alzheimer's
• Sushi-like rolled 2D heterostructures may lead to new miniaturized electronics
• Spawning preferences of mahi-mahi
• Researchers use silkworm silk to model muscle tissue
• Adaptation, not irrigation recommended for Midwest corn farmers
• Problematic internet use and teen depression are closely linked
• Chemical signal in plants reduces growth processes in favor of defense
• Milk prebiotics are the cat's meow
• New organelle involved in cancer metastasis
• Researchers see need for warnings about long-range wildfire smoke
• A little squid and its glowing bacteria yield new clues to symbiotic relationships
• Immune cell implicated in development of lung disease following viral infection
• Gigantic jet spied from black hole in early universe
• Researchers modify air quality models to reflect polluted reality in Latin America
• Therapy sneaks into hard layer of pancreatic cancer tumor and destroys it from within
• Rare mutations may have big impact on schizophrenia pathology
• New tool makes students better at detecting fake imagery and videos
• Solid-state batteries could be made more cleanly by scaling-up flash sintering
• Breaking the warp barrier for faster-than-light travel
• Bacterial film separates water from oil
• Deforestation's effects on malaria rates vary by time and distance
• Recyclable bioplastic membrane to clear oil spills from water
• Ice skating and permafrost
• Younger Tyrannosaurus Rex bites were less ferocious than their adult counterparts
• Microwave-assisted recording technology promises high-density hard disk performance
• Characterizing different cell types in the upper gastrointestinal tract
• Citizen scientists help expose presence of invasive Asian bamboo longhorn beetle in Europe
• Injectable porous scaffolds promote better, quicker healing after spinal cord injuries
• First infection of human cells during spaceflight
• Two species and a single name: 'Double identity' revealed in a venomous banana spider
• Microchips of the future: Suitable insulators are still missing
• Bird parents that receive help live longer
• Combined technique using diamond probes for nanoscale imaging of magnetic vortex structure
• Scientists' discovery ends long-standing photosynthesis controversy
• Ecosystem restoration is a pressing issue in fragmented rainforest
• Making the role of AI in medicine explainable
• First the treats, then the tough stuff: A bacterial dinner plan for degrading algal blooms
• Safe, simple additive could cut agrochemical pollution
• Eastern Oregon forest restoration efforts hampered by diameter limits on tree cutting
• Direct observation of coherence energy scale of Hund's metal
• Engineers propose solar-powered lunar ark as 'modern global insurance policy'
• Study reveals process to explain how maternal stress triggers idiopathic preterm birth
• New brain sensor offers Alzheimer's answers
• COVID-19 risk increases with airborne pollen, study finds
• The aurora's very high altitude booster
• Majority of women can still give birth naturally if their water breaks early
• Membrane around tumors may be key to preventing metastasis
• Opinions and attitudes can last when they are based on emotion
• Researchers grow most lifelike bone yet from woven cells
• Steroid abuse by men leads to long-lasting impaired testicular function
• First AI system for contactless monitoring of heart rhythm using smart speakers
• 'Wearable microgrid' uses the human body to sustainably power small gadgets
• Head injury 25 years later: Study finds increased risk of dementia
• Full evolutionary journey of hospital superbug mapped

CBD reduces plaque, improves cognition in model of familial Alzheimer's Posted: 09 Mar 2021 04:25 PM PST A two-week course of high doses of CBD helps restore the function of two proteins key to reducing the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaque, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and improves cognition in an experimental model of early onset familial Alzheimer's, investigators report.

Sushi-like rolled 2D heterostructures may lead to new miniaturized electronics Posted: 09 Mar 2021 03:57 PM PST The recent synthesis of one-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures, a type of heterostructure made by layering two-dimensional materials that are one atom thick, may lead to new, miniaturized electronics that are currently not possible, according to a research team.

Spawning preferences of mahi-mahi Posted: 09 Mar 2021 03:57 PM PST In the Florida Straits at night, and under a new moon is the preference for spawning mahi-mahi, according to a new study.

Researchers use silkworm silk to model muscle tissue Posted: 09 Mar 2021 03:56 PM PST Researchers are using silkworm silk to grow skeletal muscle cells, improving on traditional methods of cell culture and hopefully leading to better treatments for muscle atrophy.

Adaptation, not irrigation recommended for Midwest corn farmers Posted: 09 Mar 2021 12:39 PM PST Researchers reveal how farmers from the nation's largest corn production region can mitigate climate change.

Problematic internet use and teen depression are closely linked Posted: 09 Mar 2021 12:38 PM PST Time on the internet can be informative, instructive and even pleasant, there is already significant literature on the potential harm caused by young children's problematic internet use (PIU). A new study is one of only a few that examines PIU's effects on older adolescents.

Chemical signal in plants reduces growth processes in favor of defense Posted: 09 Mar 2021 12:38 PM PST Arabidopsis thaliana plants produce beta-cyclocitral when attacked by herbivores. This volatile signal inhibits the MEP pathway which is instrumental in plant growth processes, such as the production of pigments for photosynthesis. Since the MEP pathway is only found in plants and microorganisms, but not animals, knowledge of a signal molecule like beta-cyclocitral opens up new possibilities for the development of herbicides or antimicrobial agents that block this pathway.

Milk prebiotics are the cat's meow Posted: 09 Mar 2021 12:38 PM PST If you haven't been the parent or caregiver of an infant in recent years, you'd be forgiven for missing the human milk oligosaccharide trend in infant formulas. These complex carbohydrate supplements mimic human breast milk and act like prebiotics, boosting beneficial microbes in babies' guts. Milk oligosaccharides aren't just for humans; all mammals make them. New research suggests milk oligosaccharides may be beneficial for cats and dogs when added to pet diets.

New organelle involved in cancer metastasis Posted: 09 Mar 2021 12:38 PM PST Researchers discovered a new, still-unnamed organelle that plays a role in bone metastasis and is formed via liquid-liquid phase separation -- when liquid blobs of living materials merge into each other.

Researchers see need for warnings about long-range wildfire smoke Posted: 09 Mar 2021 12:38 PM PST The team believes that evacuation efforts and media coverage of local wildfires may have helped protect residents from adverse health effects of smoke exposure as well as direct impacts of the fires.

A little squid and its glowing bacteria yield new clues to symbiotic relationships Posted: 09 Mar 2021 12:38 PM PST The relationship between the Hawaiian bobtail squid and the bioluminescent bacteria living in its light organ has been studied for decades as a model of symbiosis. Now researchers have used a powerful chemical analysis tool to identify a small molecule produced by the bacteria that appears to play an important role in their colonization of the light organ.

Immune cell implicated in development of lung disease following viral infection Posted: 09 Mar 2021 12:38 PM PST Scientists have implicated a type of immune cell in the development of chronic lung disease that sometimes is triggered following a respiratory viral infection. The evidence suggests that activation of this immune cell serves as an early switch that, when activated, drives progressive lung diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Gigantic jet spied from black hole in early universe Posted: 09 Mar 2021 12:35 PM PST Astronomers have discovered evidence for an extraordinarily long jet of particles coming from a supermassive black hole in the early universe.

Researchers modify air quality models to reflect polluted reality in Latin America Posted: 09 Mar 2021 10:26 AM PST Computational models of air quality have long been used to shed light on pollution control efforts in the United States and Europe, but the tools have not found widespread adoption in Latin America. New work demonstrates how these models can be adapted to offer practical insights into air quality challenges in the Americas outside the U.S.

Therapy sneaks into hard layer of pancreatic cancer tumor and destroys it from within Posted: 09 Mar 2021 10:26 AM PST Researchers demonstrated that a new tumor-penetrating therapy could enhance the effects of chemotherapy, reduce the spread of pancreatic cancer and increase survival in animal models.

Rare mutations may have big impact on schizophrenia pathology Posted: 09 Mar 2021 10:26 AM PST Researchers have long searched for genetic influences in schizophrenia, a neurodevelopmental disorder that disrupts brain activity producing hallucinations, delusions, and other cognitive disturbances. However the disease's genetic mutations have been identified in only a small fraction -- fewer than a quarter -- of sequenced patients. A new study now shows that 'somatic' gene mutations in brain cells could account for some of the disease neuropathology.

New tool makes students better at detecting fake imagery and videos Posted: 09 Mar 2021 10:25 AM PST Researchers have developed a digital self-test that trains users to assess news items, images and videos presented on social media. The self-test has also been evaluated in a scientific study, which confirmed the researchers' hypothesis that the tool genuinely improved the students' ability to apply critical thinking to digital sources.

Solid-state batteries could be made more cleanly by scaling-up flash sintering Posted: 09 Mar 2021 10:25 AM PST Densifying ceramics using flash sintering reduces energy use and may be used to improve the viability of manufacturing complex ceramic structures such as those required for solid state batteries by lowering the temperatures and shortening the duration of the heat treatment.

Breaking the warp barrier for faster-than-light travel Posted: 09 Mar 2021 10:25 AM PST If travel to distant stars within an individual's lifetime is going to be possible, a means of faster-than-light propulsion will have to be found. To date, even recent research about faster-than-light transport would require vast amounts of hypothetical particles and states of matter that have 'exotic' physical properties. New research gets around this problem by constructing a new class of hyper-fast 'solitons.'

Bacterial film separates water from oil Posted: 09 Mar 2021 10:25 AM PST Researchers reported the findings of an experiment in which they used a material produced by the bacteria Gluconacetobacter hansenii as a filter to separate water from an oil mixture.

Deforestation's effects on malaria rates vary by time and distance Posted: 09 Mar 2021 10:25 AM PST Deforestation may cause an initial increase in malaria infections across Southeast Asia before leading to later decreases, a study suggests.

Recyclable bioplastic membrane to clear oil spills from water Posted: 09 Mar 2021 10:25 AM PST Polymer scientists have developed a polymer membrane from biobased malic acid. It is a superamphiphilic vitrimer epoxy resin membrane that can be used to separate water and oil. This membrane is fully recyclable. When the pores are blocked by foulants, it can be depolymerized, cleaned and subsequently pressed into a new membrane.

Ice skating and permafrost Posted: 09 Mar 2021 08:44 AM PST From ice skating, it has been known for a long time that a thin liquid film forms on ice surfaces. This, along with other causes, is responsible for ice slipperiness. Scientists have now investigated a related effect at interfaces between ice and porous clay minerals. Such interfaces are found in nature for example in permafrost. The results may help to better understand changes in frozen soils as temperatures rise.

Younger Tyrannosaurus Rex bites were less ferocious than their adult counterparts Posted: 09 Mar 2021 08:43 AM PST By closely examining the jaw mechanics of juvenile and adult tyrannosaurids, some of the fiercest dinosaurs to inhabit earth, scientists have uncovered differences in how they bit into their prey.

Microwave-assisted recording technology promises high-density hard disk performance Posted: 09 Mar 2021 08:43 AM PST Researchers have studied the operation of a small device fabricated in the write gap of a hard disk drive's write head to extend its recording density. The device is based on microwave-assisted magnetic recording. This technology uses a spin-torque oscillator, which causes the magnetic particles of the recording medium to wobble. This makes them much easier to flip over when the write head applies a recording magnetic field in the writing process.

Characterizing different cell types in the upper gastrointestinal tract Posted: 09 Mar 2021 08:43 AM PST Researchers identified and characterized rare cell types in the esophagus, stomach and upper part of the small intestine, using single cell RNA sequencing. They provide detailed gene expression analyses for all epithelial cells in these organs. Furthermore, they identified a rare cell type that is most likely responsible for the secretion of high volumes of water in humans, providing a link to gastrointestinal defects in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Citizen scientists help expose presence of invasive Asian bamboo longhorn beetle in Europe Posted: 09 Mar 2021 08:43 AM PST A worryingly high number of Asian bamboo longhorn beetles turn out to have been emerging across Europe for about a century already, finds an international research team. Curiously, the records of the invasive, non-native to the Old Continent species are mostly sourced from citizen scientists and online platforms, which proves the power of involving the public in species monitoring.

Injectable porous scaffolds promote better, quicker healing after spinal cord injuries Posted: 09 Mar 2021 08:43 AM PST Researchers have developed materials that can interface with an injured spinal cord and provide a scaffolding to facilitate healing. To do this, scaffolding materials need to mimic the natural spinal cord tissue, so they can be readily populated by native cells in the spinal cord, essentially filling in gaps left by injury. The researchers show how the pores improve efficiency of gene therapies administered locally to the injured tissues, which can further promote tissue regeneration.

First infection of human cells during spaceflight Posted: 09 Mar 2021 08:43 AM PST Scientists have described the infection of human cells by the intestinal pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium during spaceflight. They show how the microgravity environment of spaceflight changes the molecular profile of human intestinal cells and how these expression patterns are further changed in response to infection. The researchers were also able to detect molecular changes in the bacterial pathogen while inside the infected host cells.

Two species and a single name: 'Double identity' revealed in a venomous banana spider Posted: 09 Mar 2021 08:43 AM PST Banana spiders (genus Phoneutria) are considered aggressive and amongst the most venomous spiders to humans in the world. Even though previous research has already paid considerable attention to the species Phoneutria boliviensis with a focus on its behaviour, habitat, venom composition, toxicity and bites on humans, a new study found out that there were in fact two separate species of venomous spiders going by the same scientific name.

Microchips of the future: Suitable insulators are still missing Posted: 09 Mar 2021 08:43 AM PST 2D semiconductors (such as graphene) could revolutionize electronics: They can be used to produce extremely small transistors. However, in order to make a transistor, insulators are required too. So extremely thin insulating materials are needed as well. New results show: The materials used until now are not the way to go.

Bird parents that receive help live longer Posted: 09 Mar 2021 08:43 AM PST Long life is common among bird parents that get help with childcare.

Combined technique using diamond probes for nanoscale imaging of magnetic vortex structure Posted: 09 Mar 2021 08:43 AM PST Magnetometry exploiting color center defects in diamond probes and magneto-optic imaging have been found to complement each other. This supports progress towards the creation of more effective data storage systems.

Scientists' discovery ends long-standing photosynthesis controversy Posted: 09 Mar 2021 08:43 AM PST Scientists have pinpointed the location of an essential enzyme in plant cells involved in photosynthesis.

Ecosystem restoration is a pressing issue in fragmented rainforest Posted: 09 Mar 2021 08:42 AM PST Results from Malaysian Borneo demonstrate that small, fragmented patches of regenerating logged forests left on hilltops will be slow to recover due to lower water availability, even more in the future as hotter and drier weather will be more common than now as a result of climate change.

Making the role of AI in medicine explainable Posted: 09 Mar 2021 08:42 AM PST Researchers have developed a new tissue-section analysis system for diagnosing breast cancer based on artificial intelligence (AI). For the first time, morphological, molecular and histological data are integrated in a single analysis. Furthermore, the system provides a clarification of the AI decision process in the form of heatmaps.

First the treats, then the tough stuff: A bacterial dinner plan for degrading algal blooms Posted: 09 Mar 2021 08:39 AM PST Each spring in the North Sea, tiny algae grow in large numbers and release loads of sugar into the water - a feast for bacteria. Scientists have now investigated the order of the bacterial menu: first the easy-to-digest yummy pieces, then the chewy stuff. This insight was only possible by investigating special bacterial proteins that could be key for understanding marine carbon cycling.

Safe, simple additive could cut agrochemical pollution Posted: 09 Mar 2021 07:52 AM PST Adding a simple polymer to fertilizers or pesticides could dramatically reduce agricultural pollution, suggests a new study.

Eastern Oregon forest restoration efforts hampered by diameter limits on tree cutting Posted: 09 Mar 2021 07:51 AM PST A quarter-century-old harvesting restriction intended to last one year has served as an obstacle to returning eastern Oregon national forests to the healthier, more fire-resilient conditions they embodied in the late 1800s, research shows.

Direct observation of coherence energy scale of Hund's metal Posted: 09 Mar 2021 07:51 AM PST A research team has directly observed the coherence energy scale suppressed by Hund's coupling on approach to the metal-insulator transition of strongly correlated multiband material.

Engineers propose solar-powered lunar ark as 'modern global insurance policy' Posted: 09 Mar 2021 07:51 AM PST Researchers are taking scientific inspiration from an unlikely source: the biblical tale of Noah's Ark. Rather than two of every animal, however, his solar-powered ark on the moon would store cryogenically frozen seed, spore, sperm and egg samples from 6.7 million Earth species. The proposed structure would be built within the moon's enormous, underground lava tubes, which have been untouched for billions of years.

Study reveals process to explain how maternal stress triggers idiopathic preterm birth Posted: 09 Mar 2021 07:51 AM PST A research team has uncovered a molecular mechanism to help explain how psychological and/or physiological stress in pregnant women triggers preterm birth with no known cause.

New brain sensor offers Alzheimer's answers Posted: 09 Mar 2021 07:01 AM PST Researchers have found an explanation for why Alzheimer's drugs have limited effectiveness and why patients get much worse after going off of them.

COVID-19 risk increases with airborne pollen, study finds Posted: 09 Mar 2021 07:01 AM PST New research finds that when airborne pollen levels are higher, increased SARS-CoV-2 infection rates can be observed.

The aurora's very high altitude booster Posted: 09 Mar 2021 07:01 AM PST Electrons arriving from the Sun are propelled by electrical energy generated as high as 30,000 kilometers above Earth, ultimately creating the dazzling displays of the northern and southern lights.

Majority of women can still give birth naturally if their water breaks early Posted: 09 Mar 2021 06:13 AM PST About 11% of women who carry to term will experience prelabor rupture of membrane -- a condition where the amniotic sac breaks open early, but labor doesn't begin.

Membrane around tumors may be key to preventing metastasis Posted: 09 Mar 2021 06:13 AM PST Engineers have characterized the properties of the protective membrane around tumors and found that this lining may be a good target for therapies to prevent metastasis.

Opinions and attitudes can last when they are based on emotion Posted: 09 Mar 2021 06:13 AM PST New research reveals that attitudes based on feelings and emotions can also stand the test of time.

Researchers grow most lifelike bone yet from woven cells Posted: 09 Mar 2021 06:13 AM PST Researchers have interwoven various bone cells into an 'organoid' that can independently make new, hard bone tissue. It's the most complete 3D model of bone formation to date. It allows to study the biochemical processes in unprecedented detail and crack the mysteries surrounding bone formation. Moreover, the cultured bone is particularly suitable for testing new treatments for bone diseases such as osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta.

Steroid abuse by men leads to long-lasting impaired testicular function Posted: 09 Mar 2021 06:13 AM PST Illegal use of anabolic steroids not only has dangerous side effects during use but also can harm of men's testicular function years after they stop abusing steroids, according to a new study.

First AI system for contactless monitoring of heart rhythm using smart speakers Posted: 09 Mar 2021 06:13 AM PST Researchers have developed a new skill for a smart speaker that for the first time monitors both regular and irregular heartbeats without physical contact.

'Wearable microgrid' uses the human body to sustainably power small gadgets Posted: 09 Mar 2021 06:13 AM PST This shirt harvests and stores energy from the human body to power small electronics. UC San Diego nanoengineers call it a ''wearable microgrid''-- it combines energy from the wearer's sweat and movement to provide sustainable power for wearable devices.

Head injury 25 years later: Study finds increased risk of dementia Posted: 09 Mar 2021 06:12 AM PST New research shows that a single head injury could lead to dementia later in life. This risk further increases as the number of head injuries sustained by an individual increases. The findings also suggest stronger associations of head injury with risk of dementia among women compared to among men and among white as compared to among Black populations.

Full evolutionary journey of hospital superbug mapped Posted: 09 Mar 2021 06:12 AM PST Researchers published the full genetic timeline of the bacterium, Enterococcus faecalis showing the influence of human behaviour on the development of different strains.

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