ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Physical discipline and cognitive deprivation associated with specific types of developmental delay
• Fungi in the gut prime immunity against infection
• Study identifies 'Achilles heel' of bacteria linked to Crohn's disease
• New research sheds light on vision loss in Batten disease
• New microscopy concept enters into force
• New drug targets for childhood cancer neuroblastoma identified
• Civil engineers find link between hospitals and schools key to community resilience
• Breakthrough in quantum photonics promises a new era in optical circuits
• New way to power up nanomaterials for electronic applications
• Healthy oceans need healthy soundscapes
• New research studies 'domino effects' and synchrony in brain activity
• Bioplastics in the sustainability dilemma
• 'Hidden' genes could be key in development of new antibiotics
• Forests of the world in 3D
• Sensor and detoxifier in one
• Tiny sensor technique reveals cellular forces involved in tissue generation
• Birds living in natural habits can help inform captive care
• Novel immunotherapy approach to treat cat allergy
• Energy harvesting: Printed thermoelectric generators for power generation
• New method to predict individual risk of cognitive decline
• Book helps identify risks of reading difficulties in preschoolers
• Signs of burnout can be detected in sweat
• Engineers develop programming technology to transform 2D materials into 3D shapes
• Ensuring healthy family mealtimes is important - and complicated
• Pushed to the limit: A CMOS-based transceiver for beyond 5G applications at 300 GHz
• Imaging technique provides link to innovative products
• Switching nanolight on and off
• 'Audeo' teaches artificial intelligence to play the piano
• Synthesized very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids improved retinal function in mice
• Shopping online? Here's what you should know about user reviews
• In symbiosis: Plants control the genetics of microbes
• Intensity not paramount for physical training during cancer therapy
• Mysterious organic scum boosts chemical reaction efficiency, may reduce chemical waste
• Using Artificial Intelligence to prevent harm caused by immunotherapy
• Molecule from nature provides fully recyclable polymers
• Researchers identify 'rescue' mechanism that helps cells survive malfunctioning split
• Machine-learning model helps determine protein structures
• 'Where did I park my car?' Brain stimulation improves mental time travel
• Fossil pigments shed new light on vertebrate evolution
• Pharmacologist offers plan to solve disparities in designing medicine
• How air pollution may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease

Physical discipline and cognitive deprivation associated with specific types of developmental delay Posted: 05 Feb 2021 04:22 PM PST A study reports that in a diverse, cross-national sample of youth, physical discipline and cognitive deprivation had distinct associations with specific domains of developmental delay. The findings are based on the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, which is an ongoing, international household survey initiative coordinated and assisted by the United Nations agency, UNICEF.

Fungi in the gut prime immunity against infection Posted: 05 Feb 2021 12:58 PM PST Common fungi, often present in the gut, teach the immune system how to respond to their more dangerous relatives, according to new research. Breakdowns in this process can leave people susceptible to deadly fungal infections.

Study identifies 'Achilles heel' of bacteria linked to Crohn's disease Posted: 05 Feb 2021 12:58 PM PST The discovery of an 'Achilles heel' in a type of gut bacteria that causes intestinal inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease may lead to more targeted therapies for the difficult to treat disease, according to investigators.

New research sheds light on vision loss in Batten disease Posted: 05 Feb 2021 12:58 PM PST Progressive vision loss, and eventually blindness, are the hallmarks of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) or CLN3-Batten disease. New research shows how the mutation associated with the disease could potentially lead to degeneration of light sensing photoreceptor cells in the retina, and subsequent vision loss.

New microscopy concept enters into force Posted: 05 Feb 2021 12:01 PM PST The first demonstration of an approach that inverts the standard paradigm of scanning probe microscopy raises the prospect of force sensing at the fundamental limit.

New drug targets for childhood cancer neuroblastoma identified Posted: 05 Feb 2021 12:01 PM PST The largest single cell study to date of the childhood cancer, neuroblastoma, has discovered that all neuroblastomas arise from a single type of embryonic cell called sympathoblasts.

Civil engineers find link between hospitals and schools key to community resilience Posted: 05 Feb 2021 12:01 PM PST Health care and education systems are two main pillars of a community's stability. How well and how quickly a community recovers following a natural disaster depends on the resilience of these essential social services. New research has found hospitals and schools are interdependent, suggesting their collective recovery must be considered in order to restore a community in the wake of disaster.

Breakthrough in quantum photonics promises a new era in optical circuits Posted: 05 Feb 2021 12:01 PM PST Researchers have shown that single photons can be emitted in a uniform way from quantum dots arranged in a precise pattern. The team has used such methods to create single-quantum dots, with their remarkable single-photon emission characteristics. It is expected that the ability to precisely align uniformly-emitting quantum dots will enable the production of optical circuits, potentially leading to novel advancements in quantum computing and communications technologies.

New way to power up nanomaterials for electronic applications Posted: 05 Feb 2021 12:01 PM PST Materials scientists have discovered that perovskites, a class of promising materials that could be used for low-cost, high-performance solar cells and LEDs, have a previously unutilized molecular component that can further tune the electronic property of perovskites.

Healthy oceans need healthy soundscapes Posted: 05 Feb 2021 09:12 AM PST Rain falls lightly on the ocean's surface. Marine mammals chirp and squeal as they swim along. The pounding of surf along a distant shoreline heaves and thumps with metronomic regularity. These are the sounds that most of us associate with the marine environment. But the soundtrack of the healthy ocean no longer reflects the acoustic environment of today's ocean, plagued with human-created noise.

New research studies 'domino effects' and synchrony in brain activity Posted: 05 Feb 2021 09:12 AM PST Scientists have made a significant breakthrough in the quest to understand the intricate processes that occur in the brain during seizures that are the key symptom of epilepsy.

Bioplastics in the sustainability dilemma Posted: 05 Feb 2021 09:12 AM PST Scientists found that the sustainability of plant-based bioplastics depends largely on the country of origin, its trade relationships and the raw material processed.

'Hidden' genes could be key in development of new antibiotics Posted: 05 Feb 2021 09:12 AM PST A study shows how the 'hidden' genes in bacteriophages -- types of viruses that infect and destroy bacteria -- may be key to the development of a new class of antibiotics for human health.

Forests of the world in 3D Posted: 05 Feb 2021 09:12 AM PST Primeval forests are of great importance for biodiversity and global carbon and water cycling. The three-dimensional structure of forests plays an important role because it influences processes of gas and energy exchange with the atmosphere, and provides habitats for numerous species. An international research team investigated the variety of different complex structures found in the world's forests, and the factors that explain this diversity.

Sensor and detoxifier in one Posted: 05 Feb 2021 07:42 AM PST Ozone is a problematic air pollutant that causes serious health problems. A newly developed material not only quickly and selectively indicates the presence of ozone, but also simultaneously renders the gas harmless. The porous '2-in-one systems' also function reliably in very humid air.

Tiny sensor technique reveals cellular forces involved in tissue generation Posted: 05 Feb 2021 07:42 AM PST A team of researchers developed a technique that uses tiny polymer spheres to sense the forces at play as body tissue forms and grows.

Birds living in natural habits can help inform captive care Posted: 05 Feb 2021 07:42 AM PST Bird species that live in their natural habitats can help zoos learn how to manage those in captivity, according to a new review.

Novel immunotherapy approach to treat cat allergy Posted: 05 Feb 2021 07:42 AM PST Researchers brought forward the potential of high doses of a specific adjuvant molecule, namely CpG oligonucleotide, in successfully modulating the immune system's allergic response to the main cat allergen Fel d 1, thereby inducing a tolerance-promoting reaction and reverting the main hallmarks of cat allergy.

Energy harvesting: Printed thermoelectric generators for power generation Posted: 05 Feb 2021 07:42 AM PST Thermoelectric generators, TEGs for short, convert ambient heat into electrical power. They enable maintenance-free, environmentally friendly, and autonomous power supply of the continuously growing number of sensors and devices for the Internet of Things (IoT) and recovery of waste heat. Scientists have now developed three-dimensional component architectures based on novel, printable thermoelectric materials.

New method to predict individual risk of cognitive decline Posted: 05 Feb 2021 05:57 AM PST This work shows that direct measures of brain signatures during mental activity are more sensitive and accurate predictors of memory decline than current standard behavioral testing.

Book helps identify risks of reading difficulties in preschoolers Posted: 05 Feb 2021 05:57 AM PST A study expands validation evidence for a new screening tool that directly engages preschool-age children during clinic visits to assess their early literacy skills. The tool has the potential to identify reading difficulties as early as possible, target interventions and empower families to help their child at home, according to researchers.

Signs of burnout can be detected in sweat Posted: 05 Feb 2021 05:57 AM PST Engineers have developed a wearable system that can continually measure the concentration of cortisol - the stress hormone - in human sweat. Their device can eventually help doctors better understand and treat stress-related conditions like burnout and obesity.

Engineers develop programming technology to transform 2D materials into 3D shapes Posted: 05 Feb 2021 05:57 AM PST Researchers have developed a technique that programs 2D materials to transform into complex 3D shapes.

Ensuring healthy family mealtimes is important - and complicated Posted: 05 Feb 2021 05:57 AM PST Mealtimes are a central aspect of family life, affecting the health and wellbeing of both children and adults. Although the benefits of healthy mealtimes are straightforward, helping all families realize those benefits is quite complicated, new research shows.

Pushed to the limit: A CMOS-based transceiver for beyond 5G applications at 300 GHz Posted: 05 Feb 2021 05:57 AM PST Scientists develop a novel CMOS-based transceiver for wireless communications at the 300 GHz band, enabling future beyond-5G applications. Their design addresses the challenges of operating CMOS technology at its practical limit and represents the first wideband CMOS phased-array system to operate at such elevated frequencies.

Imaging technique provides link to innovative products Posted: 04 Feb 2021 04:25 PM PST A study announces the successful use of a new nanoimaging technique that will allow researchers to test and identify two-dimensional materials.

Switching nanolight on and off Posted: 04 Feb 2021 04:25 PM PST The report demonstrates a new method to control the flow of light of nanolight. Optical manipulation on the nanoscale, or nanophotonics, has become a critical area of interest as researchers seek ways to meet the increasing demand for technologies that go well beyond what is possible with conventional photonics and electronics.

'Audeo' teaches artificial intelligence to play the piano Posted: 04 Feb 2021 04:25 PM PST A team created Audeo, a system that can generate music using only visual cues of someone playing the piano.

Synthesized very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids improved retinal function in mice Posted: 04 Feb 2021 04:25 PM PST An ophthalmologist is investigating how lipids known as VLC-PUFAs could be used to prevent eye disease thanks to a new way to synthesize them for research.

Shopping online? Here's what you should know about user reviews Posted: 04 Feb 2021 04:25 PM PST If you're about to buy something online and its only customer review is negative, you'd probably reconsider the purchase, right? It turns out a product's first review can have an outsized effect on the item's future -- it can even cause the product to fail.

In symbiosis: Plants control the genetics of microbes Posted: 04 Feb 2021 04:25 PM PST Researchers have discovered that plants may be able to control the genetics of their intimate root symbionts - the organism with which they live in symbiosis - thereby providing a better understanding of their growth. In addition to having a significant impact on all terrestrial ecosystems, their discovery may lead to improved eco-friendly agricultural applications.

Intensity not paramount for physical training during cancer therapy Posted: 04 Feb 2021 04:25 PM PST People receiving treatment for cancer are known to feel better with physical training. But does it make any difference how vigorously they exercise? A new study shows that whether the training is intensive or rather less strenuous, its effect is roughly the same.

Mysterious organic scum boosts chemical reaction efficiency, may reduce chemical waste Posted: 04 Feb 2021 04:25 PM PST Chemical manufacturers frequently use toxic solvents such as alcohols and benzene to make products like pharmaceuticals and plastics. Researchers are examining a previously overlooked and misunderstood phenomenon in the chemical reactions used to make these products. This discovery brings a new fundamental understanding of catalytic chemistry and a steppingstone to practical applications that could someday make chemical manufacturing less wasteful and more environmentally sound.

Using Artificial Intelligence to prevent harm caused by immunotherapy Posted: 04 Feb 2021 04:24 PM PST Until recently, researchers and oncologists had placed lung cancer patients into two broad categories: those who would benefit from immunotherapy, and those who likely would not. Now, researchers, using artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze simple tissue scans, say they have discovered biomarkers that could tell doctors which lung cancer patients might actually get worse from immunotherapy.

Molecule from nature provides fully recyclable polymers Posted: 04 Feb 2021 11:41 AM PST Plastics are among the most successful materials of modern times. However, they also create a huge waste problem. Scientists produced different polymers from lipoic acid, a natural molecule. These polymers are easily depolymerized under mild conditions. Some 87 percent of the monomers can be recovered in their pure form and re-used to make new polymers of virgin quality.

Researchers identify 'rescue' mechanism that helps cells survive malfunctioning split Posted: 04 Feb 2021 11:40 AM PST Cells replicate their genetic material and divide into two identical clones to perpetuate life. Some cells pause in the process with a single, undivided nucleus. When the cell resumes division after such a pause, the nucleus can become caught in the fissure, splitting violently, and killing both cells. But that is not always the case. Researchers are starting to understand how active nuclear displacement rescues cell death.

Machine-learning model helps determine protein structures Posted: 04 Feb 2021 11:40 AM PST Biologists have developed a computer modeling technique that lets them use cryo-electron microscopy to identify multiple possible structures that a protein can take.

'Where did I park my car?' Brain stimulation improves mental time travel Posted: 04 Feb 2021 11:40 AM PST A new study improved memory of complex, realistic events similar to these by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the brain network responsible for memory. The authors then had participants watch videos of realistic activities to measure how memory works during everyday tasks. The findings prove it is possible to measure and manipulate realistic types of memory.

Fossil pigments shed new light on vertebrate evolution Posted: 04 Feb 2021 11:39 AM PST This new paper shows that melanin is more than just something that gives colour to the body. It played an important role in the evolution of warm-blooded animals and helped defined what birds and mammals look like today. By studying where melanin occurs in the body in fossils and modern animals researchers have produced the first model for how melanin has evolved over the last 500 million years.

Pharmacologist offers plan to solve disparities in designing medicine Posted: 04 Feb 2021 11:32 AM PST Pharmacologists outlines the molecular origins for differences in how well certain drugs work among distinct populations. She also lays out a four-part plan to improve the equity of drug development.

How air pollution may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease Posted: 04 Feb 2021 10:57 AM PST A new study has found a link between high levels of air pollution at an individual's home address and an elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Air pollution exposure appears to heighten the production of inflammatory cells in the bone marrow, triggering inflammation of the arteries.

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