ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• People with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may have low risk of future infection, study finds
• How single celled algae rotate as they swim towards the light
• New experiences enhance learning by resetting key brain circuit
• Using a multipronged approach to investigate the diet of ancient dogs
• Evidence of dynamic seasonal activity on a Martian sand dune
• Scientists begin building highly accurate digital twin of our planet
• Human lung and brain organoids respond differently to SARS-CoV-2 infection in lab tests
• Reactivating aging stem cells in the brain
• From melody to language
• New fossil discovery illuminates the lives of the earliest primates
• New study suggests supermassive black holes could form from dark matter
• A space-time crystal
• Evidence that Earth's first cells could have made specialized compartments
• Changes in writing style provide clues to group identity
• Recycle anaesthetics to reduce carbon emission of healthcare, study concludes
• Fighting fit cockroaches have 'hidden strength'
• How did dogs get to the Americas? An ancient bone fragment holds clues
• New gene-editing tool allows for programming of sequential edits over time
• Reclusive neutron star may have been found in famous supernova
• Agile underwater glider could quietly survey the seas
• Like wine, environmental conditions impact flavor of whiskey, study finds
• Kittens could hold key to understanding deadly diarrheal disease in children
• Researchers challenge the Conservation Reserve Program status quo to mitigate fossil fuels
• Spintronics: New production method makes crystalline microstructures universally usable
• Low-level jets create winds of change for turbines
• DNA extracted from modern, ancient and fossil tropical shells
• Measuring hemoglobin levels with AI microscope, microfluidic chips
• High energy radiotherapy could 'paint' tumors to avoid harming healthy tissue
• For selenium in rivers, timing matters
• Mouse study shows bacteriophage therapy could fight drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Terahertz imaging of graphene paves the way to industrialization
• New features of a gene defect that affects muzzle length and caudal vertebrae in dogs
• Turbocharging the killing power of immune cells against cancer
• Glaciers accelerate in the Getz region of West Antarctica
• New sensor paves way to low-cost sensitive methane measurements
• Hormone helps prevent muscle loss in mice on high fat diets
• Basic cell health systems wear down in Huntington's disease, novel analysis shows
• Empathy helps explain how parental support can prevent teen delinquency

People with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may have low risk of future infection, study finds Posted: 24 Feb 2021 11:35 AM PST People who have had evidence of a prior infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, appear to be well protected against being reinfected with the virus, at least for a few months, according to a new study. This finding may explain why reinfection appears to be relatively rare, and it could have important public health implications.

How single celled algae rotate as they swim towards the light Posted: 24 Feb 2021 09:03 AM PST Scientists have made a pivotal breakthrough in the quest to understand how single-cell green algae are able to keep track of the light as they swim.

New experiences enhance learning by resetting key brain circuit Posted: 24 Feb 2021 09:03 AM PST A study of spatial learning in mice shows that exposure to new experiences dampens established representations in the brain's hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, allowing the mice to learn new navigation strategies.

Using a multipronged approach to investigate the diet of ancient dogs Posted: 24 Feb 2021 09:03 AM PST A new study uses different techniques to improve the investigation of fossilized dog feces.

Evidence of dynamic seasonal activity on a Martian sand dune Posted: 24 Feb 2021 09:03 AM PST A scientist examined 11 Mars years of image data to understand the seasonal processes that create linear gullies on the slopes of the megadune in the Russell crater on Mars.

Scientists begin building highly accurate digital twin of our planet Posted: 24 Feb 2021 09:03 AM PST A digital twin of our planet is being designed to simulate Earth's climate system reaching into the future. It is a tool to support policy-?makers in taking appropriate measures to better prepare for extreme events.

Human lung and brain organoids respond differently to SARS-CoV-2 infection in lab tests Posted: 24 Feb 2021 08:31 AM PST Researchers are using stem cell-derived organoids to study how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with various organ systems. Their findings may help explain the wide variety in COVID-19 symptoms and aid the search for therapies.

Reactivating aging stem cells in the brain Posted: 24 Feb 2021 08:30 AM PST As people get older, their neural stem cells lose the ability to proliferate and produce new neurons, leading to a decline in memory function. Researchers have now discovered a mechanism linked to stem cell aging - and how the production of neurons can be reactivated.

From melody to language Posted: 24 Feb 2021 07:09 AM PST In the process of developing language, the melody patterns that emerge in infants' vocalizations are a very important first step. A new study has shown that the complexity of these patterns rapidly increases in the first months.

New fossil discovery illuminates the lives of the earliest primates Posted: 24 Feb 2021 07:08 AM PST A new fossil discovery is central to primate ancestry and adds to our understanding of how life on land recovered after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago that wiped out all dinosaurs, except for birds.

New study suggests supermassive black holes could form from dark matter Posted: 24 Feb 2021 07:08 AM PST A new theoretical study has proposed a novel mechanism for the creation of supermassive black holes from dark matter. The international team find that rather than the conventional formation scenarios involving 'normal' matter, supermassive black holes could instead form directly from dark matter in high density regions in the centres of galaxies. The result has key implications for cosmology in the early Universe.

A space-time crystal Posted: 24 Feb 2021 07:08 AM PST A research team has succeeded in creating a micrometer-sized space-time crystal consisting of magnons at room temperature. With the help of a scanning transmission X-ray microscope, they were able to film the recurring periodic magnetization structure in a crystal.

Evidence that Earth's first cells could have made specialized compartments Posted: 24 Feb 2021 06:06 AM PST New research provides evidence that the "protocells" that formed around 3.8 billion years ago, before bacteria and single-celled organisms, could have had specialized bubble-like compartments that formed spontaneously, encapsulated small molecules, and formed "daughter" protocells.

Changes in writing style provide clues to group identity Posted: 24 Feb 2021 06:06 AM PST Small changes to people's writing style can reveal which social group they 'belong to' at a given moment, new research shows.

Recycle anaesthetics to reduce carbon emission of healthcare, study concludes Posted: 24 Feb 2021 06:06 AM PST New research has highlighted the value of recycling general anaesthetic used in routine operations.

Fighting fit cockroaches have 'hidden strength' Posted: 23 Feb 2021 04:24 PM PST A new study has discovered that not all cockroaches are equal and 'super athletes' are more likely to win physical mating battles. The researchers scored aggressive interactions and carried out CT-scans. They found that dominant males have larger respiratory systems than submissive males of an identical size. The increased ability to deliver oxygen to their body tissue may enhance the fighting ability of these dominant males, and therefore play a crucial role in sexual selection.

How did dogs get to the Americas? An ancient bone fragment holds clues Posted: 23 Feb 2021 04:24 PM PST Researchers analyzed the dog's mitochondrial genome, and concluded that the animal belonged to a lineage of dogs whose evolutionary history diverged from that of Siberian dogs as early as 16,700 years ago. The timing of that split coincides with a period when humans may have been migrating into North America along a coastal route that included Southeast Alaska.

New gene-editing tool allows for programming of sequential edits over time Posted: 23 Feb 2021 12:08 PM PST Researchers have discovered a new gene-editing technique that allows for the programming of sequential cuts -- or edits -- over time.

Reclusive neutron star may have been found in famous supernova Posted: 23 Feb 2021 10:55 AM PST Since astronomers captured the bright explosion of a star on February 24, 1987, researchers have been searching for the squashed stellar core that should have been left behind. A group of astronomers using data from NASA space missions and ground-based telescopes may have finally found it.

Agile underwater glider could quietly survey the seas Posted: 23 Feb 2021 10:53 AM PST Autonomous underwater vehicles have become versatile tools for exploring the seas. But they can be disruptive to the environment or have trouble traveling through confined spaces. Researchers are studying an alternative: highly maneuverable, low-cost underwater gliders that operate silently.

Like wine, environmental conditions impact flavor of whiskey, study finds Posted: 23 Feb 2021 09:16 AM PST Flavor differences in whiskey can be discerned based solely on the environment in which the barley used to make the whiskey is grown, a new study found.

Kittens could hold key to understanding deadly diarrheal disease in children Posted: 23 Feb 2021 08:32 AM PST Kittens could be the model for understanding infectious, sometimes deadly, diarrheal disease in both animals and children.

Researchers challenge the Conservation Reserve Program status quo to mitigate fossil fuels Posted: 23 Feb 2021 08:07 AM PST Amid population expansion and severe climate conditions threatening agricultural productivity, sustainable food production is a national priority. Simultaneously, advances in bioenergy agriculture are necessary to move our energy sector away from fossil fuels.

Spintronics: New production method makes crystalline microstructures universally usable Posted: 23 Feb 2021 08:07 AM PST New storage and information technology requires new higher performance materials. One of these materials is yttrium iron garnet, which has special magnetic properties. Thanks to a new process, it can now be transferred to any material. Developed by physicists, the method could advance the production of smaller, faster and more energy-efficient components for data storage and information processing.

Low-level jets create winds of change for turbines Posted: 23 Feb 2021 08:07 AM PST Global wind power capacity has increased more than fivefold over the past decade, leading to larger turbines, but low-level jets are one cause for concern. The effects of these strong, energetic wind flows depend on how high the wind flows are in relation to the turbines. Researchers considered three different scenarios in which the LLJs were above, below, and in the middle of the turbine rotors.

DNA extracted from modern, ancient and fossil tropical shells Posted: 23 Feb 2021 08:07 AM PST The next time you eat seafood, think about the long-term effects. Will consistently eating the biggest fish or the biggest conch, mean that only the smaller individuals will have a chance to reproduce?

Measuring hemoglobin levels with AI microscope, microfluidic chips Posted: 23 Feb 2021 08:07 AM PST A complete blood count can help ascertain the health of a patient and typically includes an estimate of the hemoglobin concentration, which can indicate several conditions, including anemia, polycythemia, and pulmonary fibrosis. Researchers describe a AI-powered imaging-based tool to estimate hemoglobin levels. The setup was developed in conjunction with a microfluidic chip and an AI-powered automated microscope that was designed for deriving the total as well as differential counts of blood cells.

High energy radiotherapy could 'paint' tumors to avoid harming healthy tissue Posted: 23 Feb 2021 08:07 AM PST A radiotherapy technique which 'paints' tumors by targeting them precisely, and avoiding healthy tissue, has been devised.

For selenium in rivers, timing matters Posted: 23 Feb 2021 08:07 AM PST Researchers have gained new insight into an ongoing environmental health problem.

Mouse study shows bacteriophage therapy could fight drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Posted: 23 Feb 2021 08:06 AM PST Using viruses instead of antibiotics to tame troublesome drug-resistant bacteria is a promising strategy, known as bacteriophage or 'phage therapy.' Scientists have used two different bacteriophage viruses individually and then together to successfully treat research mice infected with multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 258 (ST258).

Terahertz imaging of graphene paves the way to industrialization Posted: 23 Feb 2021 08:05 AM PST X-ray scans revolutionised medical treatments by allowing us to see inside humans without surgery. Similarly, terahertz spectroscopy penetrates graphene films allowing scientists to make detailed maps of their electrical quality, without damaging or contaminating the material. The Graphene Flagship brought together researchers from academia and industry to develop and mature this analytical technique, and now a novel measurement tool for graphene characterisation is ready.

New features of a gene defect that affects muzzle length and caudal vertebrae in dogs Posted: 23 Feb 2021 08:04 AM PST A recent genetic study provides new information on the occurrence of a DVL2 gene defect associated with a screw tail and its relevance to canine constitution and health. The variant was found in several Bulldog and Pit Bull type breeds, and it was shown to result in caudal vertebral anomalies and shortening of the muzzle. The DLV2 variant may also affect the development of the heart.

Turbocharging the killing power of immune cells against cancer Posted: 23 Feb 2021 08:04 AM PST Creating 'super soldiers' of specific white blood cells to boost an anti-tumor response has been shown in a series of elegant experiments.

Glaciers accelerate in the Getz region of West Antarctica Posted: 23 Feb 2021 08:04 AM PST Glaciers in West Antarctica are moving more quickly from land into the ocean, contributing to rising global sea levels. A 25-year record of satellite observations has been used to show widespread increases in ice speed across the Getz sector for the first time, with some ice accelerating into the ocean by nearly 50%.

New sensor paves way to low-cost sensitive methane measurements Posted: 23 Feb 2021 08:04 AM PST Researchers have developed a new sensor that could allow practical and low-cost detection of low concentrations of methane gas. Measuring methane emissions and leaks is important to a variety of industries because the gas contributes to global warming and air pollution.

Hormone helps prevent muscle loss in mice on high fat diets Posted: 23 Feb 2021 08:04 AM PST A new study suggests that a hormone known to prevent weight gain and normalize metabolism can also help maintain healthy muscles in mice. The findings present new possibilities for treating muscle-wasting conditions associated with age, obesity or cancer, according to scientists.

Basic cell health systems wear down in Huntington's disease, novel analysis shows Posted: 23 Feb 2021 08:04 AM PST A new computational approach for analyzing complex datasets shows that as disease progresses, neurons and astrocytes lose the ability to maintain homeostasis. The 'Geomic' approach can be applied to other diseases, authors say.

Empathy helps explain how parental support can prevent teen delinquency Posted: 22 Feb 2021 04:28 PM PST A new study of nearly 4,000 school children has found that youngsters who feel they have empathic support from their parents and caregivers are verging away from a wide range of delinquent behavior, such as committing crimes.

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