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December 30, 2020

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

Scientists develop high-throughput mitochondria transfer device

Posted: 29 Dec 2020 11:08 AM PST

Scientists have developed a simple, high-throughput method for transferring isolated mitochondria and their associated mitochondrial DNA into mammalian cells.

College football players: Underestimating risk of injury and concussion

Posted: 29 Dec 2020 11:08 AM PST

College football players may underestimate their risk of injury and concussion, according to a new study.

More effective training model for robots

Posted: 29 Dec 2020 11:08 AM PST

Multi-domain operations, the Army's future operating concept, requires autonomous agents with learning components to operate alongside the warfighter. New research reduces the unpredictability of current training reinforcement learning policies so that they are more practically applicable to physical systems, especially ground robots.

Sustained cellular immune dysregulation in individuals recovering from COVID-19

Posted: 29 Dec 2020 11:08 AM PST

Observational clinical research of COVID-19 patients can help clinicians better understand how the previously unknown SARS-CoV-2 virus acts, and findings from this research can better inform treatment and vaccine design.

General anesthesia and normal sleep affect brain in an amazingly similar way as consciousness fades

Posted: 29 Dec 2020 07:45 AM PST

What happens in the brain when our conscious awareness fades during general anesthesia and normal sleep? Scientists studied this question with novel experimental designs and functional brain imaging. They succeeded in separating the specific changes related to consciousness from the more widespread overall effects, and discovered that the effects of anesthesia and sleep on brain activity were surprisingly similar. These novel findings point to a common central core brain network fundamental for human consciousness.

Stopping RAS inhibitors tied to worse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease

Posted: 29 Dec 2020 07:45 AM PST

Small studies have suggested that a group of medications called RAS inhibitors may be harmful in persons with advanced chronic kidney disease, and physicians therefore often stop the treatment in such patients. Researchers now show that although stopping the treatment is linked to a lower risk of requiring dialysis, it is also linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular events and death.

Detective work in theoretical physics

Posted: 29 Dec 2020 07:45 AM PST

Physicists have published a review article on the so-called dynamical density functional theory (DDFT). This is a method for describing systems consisting of a large number of interacting particles such as are found in liquids, for example.

Sugars influence cell-to-surface adhesion

Posted: 29 Dec 2020 07:45 AM PST

An international team of researchers examined how movement and adhesion in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii can be manipulated. To this end, the researchers altered the sugar modifications in proteins on the cell surface. As a result, the so-called adhesion force was also altered.

A single gene 'invented' haemoglobin several times

Posted: 29 Dec 2020 07:45 AM PST

Thanks to the marine worm Platynereis dumerilii, an animal whose genes have evolved very slowly, scientists have shown that while haemoglobin appeared independently in several species, it actually descends from a single gene transmitted to all by their last common ancestor.

Flag leaves could help top off photosynthetic performance in rice

Posted: 29 Dec 2020 07:45 AM PST

A team found that some flag leaves of different varieties of rice transform light and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates better than others, potentially opening new opportunities for breeding higher yielding rice varieties.

Brain imaging predicts PTSD after brain injury

Posted: 29 Dec 2020 05:02 AM PST

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric disorder brought on by physical and/or psychological trauma. How its symptoms, including anxiety, depression and cognitive disturbances arise remains incompletely understood and unpredictable. Treatments and outcomes could potentially be improved if doctors could better predict who would develop PTSD. Now, researchers using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have found potential brain biomarkers of PTSD in people with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Surveys identify relationship between waves, coastal cliff erosion

Posted: 28 Dec 2020 01:58 PM PST

Researchers have always known that waves were an important part of the cliff erosion process, but they haven't been able to separate the influence of waves and rain before. After decades of debate over the differing roles that both play, new findings provide an opportunity to improve forecasts.

Common brain malformation traced to its genetic roots

Posted: 28 Dec 2020 01:58 PM PST

Researchers have shown that Chiari 1 malformation can be caused by variations in two genes linked to brain development, and that children with large heads are at increased risk of developing the condition.

Big bumblebees learn locations of best flowers

Posted: 28 Dec 2020 08:46 AM PST

Big bumblebees take time to learn the locations of the best flowers, new research shows.

Global trial reveals life saving drug for acute myeloid leukemia

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 05:44 AM PST

Results from a global trial across 148 sites in 23 countries, showing a 30 per cent improvement in survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), significantly improving survival in older patients, over the age of 55, with the disease. AML is the most acute blood cancer in adults and its incidence increases with age, with a poor prognosis.
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