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• Hyperbaric oxygen treatment: Clinical trial reverses two biological processes associated with aging in human cells
• Researchers examine which approaches are most effective at reducing COVID-19 spread
• After more than a decade, ChIP-seq may be quantitative after all
• Polar climate affects trade wind strength in tropics
• Frequent, rapid testing could cripple COVID-19 within weeks, study shows
• Discovery illuminates how cell growth pathway responds to signals
• Memories create 'fingerprints' that reveal how the brain is organized
• Biophysics: Geometry supersedes simulations
• Ribosome assembly: The final trimming step
• New report projects severe coral bleaching globally in this century
• COVID-19 patients survive in-hospital cardiac arrest at pre-pandemic rates
• There are microplastics near the top of Mount Everest too
• Middle Stone Age populations repeatedly occupied West African coast
• Biofriendly protocells pump up blood vessels
• Altered 'coat' disguises fatal brain virus from neutralizing antibodies
• Age is no barrier to successful weight loss
• A biochemical random number
• Light-controlled nanomachine controls catalysis
• New insights into memristive devices by combining incipient ferroelectrics and graphene
• New guide on using drones for conservation
• Rare species of small cats inadequately protected
• Field geology at Mars' equator points to ancient megaflood
• A sulfur molecule to block the coronavirus
• New findings speed progress towards affordable gene therapy
• Getting it just right, the Goldilocks model of cancer
• Staying ahead of the curve with 3D curved graphene
• Plant research seals importance of microbes for survival and growth
• Glyphosate may affect human gut microbiota
• How tissue geometry influences the movement of cells through the body
• Improving quantum dot interactions, one layer at a time
• Spill-over effects show prioritizing education of very poorest improves attainment of all
• Scientists discover new, simple way to classify marine biomes
• Alternative gene control mechanism based on organization of DNA within nucleus
• A neural network learns when it should not be trusted
• Scientists discover roles for a cellular motor in cancer
• Molecular telegraphy: Precisely sending and receiving single molecules

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment: Clinical trial reverses two biological processes associated with aging in human cells Posted: 20 Nov 2020 12:07 PM PST A new study indicates that hyperbaric oxygen treatments (HBOT) in healthy aging adults can stop the aging of blood cells and reverse the aging process. In the biological sense, the adults' blood cells actually grow younger as the treatments progress.

Researchers examine which approaches are most effective at reducing COVID-19 spread Posted: 20 Nov 2020 12:07 PM PST Researchers have found that physical distancing is universally effective at reducing the spread of COVID-19, while social bubbles and masks are more situation-dependent. The researchers developed a model to test the effectiveness of measures such as physical distancing, masks or social bubbles when used in various settings.

After more than a decade, ChIP-seq may be quantitative after all Posted: 20 Nov 2020 12:07 PM PST For more than a decade, scientists studying epigenetics have used a powerful method called ChIP-seq to map changes in proteins and other critical regulatory factors across the genome. While ChIP-seq provides invaluable insights into the underpinnings of health and disease, it also faces a frustrating challenge: its results are often viewed as qualitative rather than quantitative, making interpretation difficult. But, it turns out, ChIP-seq may have been quantitative all along.

Polar climate affects trade wind strength in tropics Posted: 20 Nov 2020 11:21 AM PST The impact of sea surface temperature variations in the tropical Pacific on global climate has long been recognized. For instance, the episodic warming of the tropical Pacific during El Niño events causes melt of sea ice in far-reaching parts of the Southern Ocean via its effect on the global atmospheric circulation. A new study demonstrates that the opposite pathway exists as well.

Frequent, rapid testing could cripple COVID-19 within weeks, study shows Posted: 20 Nov 2020 11:21 AM PST When it comes to curbing the spread of COVID-19, test frequency and test turnaround-time are far more important than test sensitivity, according to a new study. The authors say frequent, rapid tests make 'personalized stay-at-home orders' possible.

Discovery illuminates how cell growth pathway responds to signals Posted: 20 Nov 2020 10:26 AM PST A basic science discovery reveals a fundamental way cells interpret signals from their environment and may eventually pave the way for potential new therapies.

Memories create 'fingerprints' that reveal how the brain is organized Posted: 20 Nov 2020 10:26 AM PST While the broad architecture and organization of the human brain is universal, new research shows how the differences between how people reimagine common scenarios can be observed in brain activity and quantified. These unique neurological signatures could ultimately be used to understand, study, and even improve treatment of disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.

Biophysics: Geometry supersedes simulations Posted: 20 Nov 2020 10:26 AM PST Physicists have introduced a new method that allows biological pattern-forming systems to be systematically characterized with the aid of mathematical analysis. The trick lies in the use of geometry to characterize the dynamics.

Ribosome assembly: The final trimming step Posted: 20 Nov 2020 10:26 AM PST Ribosomes synthesize all the proteins in cells. Studies mainly done on yeast have revealed much about how ribosomes are put together, but a team now reports that ribosome assembly in human cells requires factors that have no counterparts in simpler model organisms.

New report projects severe coral bleaching globally in this century Posted: 20 Nov 2020 10:26 AM PST The United Nations recently released a new report projecting future coral reef bleaching globally.

COVID-19 patients survive in-hospital cardiac arrest at pre-pandemic rates Posted: 20 Nov 2020 10:26 AM PST Resuscitation and survival rates of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who've had cardiac arrest are much higher than earlier reports of near-zero; variation at the individual hospital level may have affected overall numbers

There are microplastics near the top of Mount Everest too Posted: 20 Nov 2020 08:39 AM PST Researchers analyzing snow and stream samples have found evidence of microplastic pollution on Mount Everest. While the highest concentrations of microplastics were around Base Camp where hikers and trekkers spend the most time, the team also found microplastics as high up as 8,440 meters above sea level, just below the summit.

Middle Stone Age populations repeatedly occupied West African coast Posted: 20 Nov 2020 08:39 AM PST Researchers reveal evidence of Middle Stone Age occupations of the West African coast. Ranging from 62 to 25 thousand years ago, the largest well-dated assemblages from the region clearly document technological continuity across almost 40,000 years in West Africa.

Biofriendly protocells pump up blood vessels Posted: 20 Nov 2020 08:39 AM PST Researchers have prepared synthetic protocells coated in red blood cell fragments for use as nitric oxide generating bio-bots within blood vessels.

Altered 'coat' disguises fatal brain virus from neutralizing antibodies Posted: 20 Nov 2020 08:38 AM PST A genetic modification in the 'coat' of a brain infection-causing virus may allow it to escape antibodies, according to researchers. They say testing people for this and other viral mutations may help identify patients at risk for developing a fatal brain disease.

Age is no barrier to successful weight loss Posted: 20 Nov 2020 08:38 AM PST Obese patients over the age of 60 can lose an equivalent amount of weight as younger people using only lifestyle changes, according to a new study that demonstrates that age is no barrier to losing weight.

A biochemical random number Posted: 20 Nov 2020 08:38 AM PST Scientists have generated a huge true random number using DNA synthesis. It is the first time that a number of this magnitude has been created by biochemical means.

Light-controlled nanomachine controls catalysis Posted: 20 Nov 2020 08:38 AM PST The vision of the future of miniaturization has produced a series of synthetic molecular motors that are driven by a range of energy sources and can carry out various movements. A research group has now managed to control a catalysis reaction using a light-controlled motor.

New insights into memristive devices by combining incipient ferroelectrics and graphene Posted: 20 Nov 2020 08:38 AM PST Scientists are working to create neuromorphic computers, with a design based on the human brain. A crucial component is a memristive device, the resistance of which depends on the history of the device - just like the response of our neurons depends on previous input. Materials scientists analyzed the behavior of strontium titanium oxide, a platform material for memristor research and used the 2D material graphene to probe it.

New guide on using drones for conservation Posted: 20 Nov 2020 08:38 AM PST Drones are a powerful tool for conservation - but they should only be used after careful consideration and planning, according to a new report.

Rare species of small cats inadequately protected Posted: 20 Nov 2020 08:38 AM PST The Indian subcontinent is a hotspot for wild felines. A new study now shows that only 6-11 per cent of the areas where three rare cat species have their habitat are protected. Lack of knowledge about these species has been an obstacle to understanding their needs for reserves.

Field geology at Mars' equator points to ancient megaflood Posted: 20 Nov 2020 08:38 AM PST Floods of unimaginable magnitude once washed through Gale Crater on Mars' equator around 4 billion years ago - a finding that hints at the possibility that life may have existed there, according to data collected by NASA's Curiosity rover.

A sulfur molecule to block the coronavirus Posted: 20 Nov 2020 08:38 AM PST Some viruses can get inside cells via a mechanism that involves sulfur organic molecules. Chemists have discovered effective inhibitors and blocked the uptake of SARS-CoV-2.

New findings speed progress towards affordable gene therapy Posted: 20 Nov 2020 06:59 AM PST In a promising advance for affordable, personalized medicine, researchers have used metal-organic frameworks to successfully deliver the genetic snipping tool CRISPR/Cas9 into human cancer cells.

Getting it just right, the Goldilocks model of cancer Posted: 20 Nov 2020 06:59 AM PST Cancer is a disease driven by mutations that alter the way biochemical signals control cell growth, division and migration. Scientists found out that, like Goldilocks, cancer is very picky about getting rapid growth just right.

Staying ahead of the curve with 3D curved graphene Posted: 20 Nov 2020 06:59 AM PST A team of researchers has amplified 3D graphene's electrical properties by controlling its curvature.

Plant research seals importance of microbes for survival and growth Posted: 20 Nov 2020 06:59 AM PST Scientists have revealed that plants have a 'sealing' mechanism supported by microbes in the root that are vital for the intake of nutrients for survival and growth.

Glyphosate may affect human gut microbiota Posted: 20 Nov 2020 06:58 AM PST More than half of bacterial species in the core of the human gut microbiome are potentially sensitive to glyphosate, shows new research. Researchers introduced the first bioinformatics resource to determine and test the potential sensitivity of organisms to glyphosate.

How tissue geometry influences the movement of cells through the body Posted: 20 Nov 2020 06:11 AM PST Cells move constantly throughout our bodies, performing myriad operations critical to tissue development, immune responses and general wellbeing. This bustle is guided by chemical cues long studied by scientists interested in cellular migration.

Improving quantum dot interactions, one layer at a time Posted: 20 Nov 2020 06:11 AM PST Scientists have found a way to control an interaction between quantum dots that could greatly improve charge transport, leading to more efficient solar cells.

Spill-over effects show prioritizing education of very poorest improves attainment of all Posted: 20 Nov 2020 06:11 AM PST International development projects that target the education of the world's very poorest children also significantly improve other young people's attainment, research indicates. The findings are based on a study of a program targeting marginalized girls in Tanzania, which showed the attainment of other boys and girls at these pupils' schools significantly improved through 'spill-over' effects. For every $100 spent per girl, all students made the equivalent of two years of learning gains.

Scientists discover new, simple way to classify marine biomes Posted: 20 Nov 2020 06:11 AM PST Scientists have developed a new way to classify the ocean's diverse environments, shedding new light on how marine biomes are defined and changed by nature and humans.

Alternative gene control mechanism based on organization of DNA within nucleus Posted: 20 Nov 2020 06:11 AM PST Researchers have identified how the architecture of the cell nucleus can change gene activity in plants. This discovery reveals fundamental knowledge about genome regulation and points towards future methods for potentially manipulating the expression of many genes simultaneously.

A neural network learns when it should not be trusted Posted: 19 Nov 2020 11:45 AM PST Researchers have developed a way for deep learning neural networks to rapidly estimate confidence levels in their output. The advance could enhance safety and efficiency in AI-assisted decision making, with applications ranging from medical diagnosis to autonomous driving.

Scientists discover roles for a cellular motor in cancer Posted: 19 Nov 2020 11:17 AM PST Scientists have discovered new functions of a key cellular machine that regulates gene packaging and is mutated in 20 percent of human cancers.

Molecular telegraphy: Precisely sending and receiving single molecules Posted: 19 Nov 2020 11:17 AM PST Can a single molecule be transferred to a specific, distant location, and then brought back to the starting point? And how fast does it move? A new study addresses these questions.

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