ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Nearly one in five parents of food-allergic children are bullied
• New family of quasiparticles in graphene-based materials
• Study reveals physical demands of two-hour marathon
• Pearls may provide new information processing options for biomedical, military innovations
• Teacher quality scores change depending on students, school
• Once-discounted binding mechanism may be key to targeting viruses
• Novel insights on cellular suicide could provide new avenues for cancer therapies
• Chemists discover the structure of a key coronavirus protein
• Key advance for printing circuitry on wearable fabrics
• Stretchable 'skin' sensor gives robots human sensation
• Exercise classes can reduce loneliness, social isolation in seniors
• How to improve natural gas production in shale
• Ecotourism fans may be in it for the social posts
• Pollution and pandemics: A dangerous mix
• Weather-proof chip aims to take self-driving tech, wireless communications to next level
• Predicting the risk of severe side effects of cancer treatment
• Soccer players' head injury risk could be reduced with simple adjustments to the ball
• Common SARS-CoV-2 mutation may make COVID-19 more susceptible to a vaccine
• In a warming climate, can birds take the heat?
• Advancing fusion energy through improved understanding of fast plasma particles
• Breaking it down: How cells degrade unwanted microRNAs
• Escape from Mars: How water fled the red planet
• Mimicking SARS-CoV-2 nasal infection in monkeys
• Environmentally friendly method could lower costs to recycle lithium-ion batteries
• Re-mapping taste in the brain
• In mice, cadmium exposure during pregnancy linked to obesity in female offspring
• Astrocytes identified as master 'conductors' of the brain
• Birth of magnetar from colossal collision potentially spotted for first time
• Advanced atomic clock makes a better dark matter detector
• Prototype fuel gauge for orbit
• New study outlines steps higher education should take to prepare a new quantum workforce
• Scientists pinpoint two new potential therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis
• Americans likely to attend large holiday gatherings despite COVID-19, survey finds
• Repeated small blasts put military, law enforcement at risk for brain injury
• Landslide along Alaskan fjord could trigger tsunami
• Researchers create artificial cell organelles for biotechnology
• The Strategic Stockpile failed; experts propose new approach to emergency preparedness
• Rats are capable of transmitting hantavirus
• This tableware made from sugarcane and bamboo breaks down in 60 days
• Researchers simulate privacy leaks in functional genomics studies
• Holistic way to look at neurons in the brain
• Fluvoxamine may prevent serious illness in COVID-19 patients, study suggests
• New maps document big-game migrations across the western United States
• Green Deal: Good for a climate-neutral Europe - bad for the planet
• Applying environmental genomics to coral conservation
• Innovative machine-learning approach for future diagnostic advances in Parkinson's disease
• Time for a new state of matter in high-temperature superconductors
• Children born extremely preterm are more likely to be diagnosed with depression
• Smaller than ever: Exploring the unusual properties of quantum-sized materials
• Individualized brain stimulation therapy improves language performance in stroke survivors
• Is proton therapy the silver bullet for children with brain cancer?
• Scientists discover possible genetic target for treating endometriosis
• C4 rice's first wobbly steps towards reality
• The connectivity of multicomponent fluids in subduction zones
• Antiferromagnetic material's giant stride towards application
• Learning pathways could guide children who miss best start to improved literacy by age 11
• Dopamine surge reveals how even for mice, 'there's no place like home'
• Governments can curb over-fertilization in agriculture
• Researchers show safer, more targeted way to deliver CRISPR gene therapy
• Catalyzing a zero-carbon world by harvesting energy from living cells

Nearly one in five parents of food-allergic children are bullied Posted: 13 Nov 2020 04:52 AM PST A new study shows that nearly one in five parents of food-allergic kids are the target of bullying by a multitude of sources.

New family of quasiparticles in graphene-based materials Posted: 13 Nov 2020 04:52 AM PST After years of dedicated research a group of pioneering scientists have again revealed a phenomenon that is 'radically different from textbook physics' and this work has led to the discovery and characterization of a new family of quasiparticles found in graphene-based materials. Called Brown-Zak fermions these extraordinary particles have the potential to achieve the Holy Grail of 2D materials by having ultra-high frequency transistors which can in turn produce a new generation of superfast electronic devices.

Study reveals physical demands of two-hour marathon Posted: 13 Nov 2020 04:52 AM PST Elite runners need a specific combination of physiological abilities to have any chance of running a sub-two-hour marathon, new research shows.

Pearls may provide new information processing options for biomedical, military innovations Posted: 13 Nov 2020 04:52 AM PST Innovators are using pearls to provide potential new opportunities for spectral information processing that can be applied to spectroscopy in biomedical and military applications. The team demonstrated light transport-assisted information processing by creating a pearl spectrometer.

Teacher quality scores change depending on students, school Posted: 12 Nov 2020 01:58 PM PST School districts across the U.S. are increasingly using student test scores to rate the effectiveness of teachers, but a new study found that the scores have less to do with individual teachers and more to do with their students and the schools.

Once-discounted binding mechanism may be key to targeting viruses Posted: 12 Nov 2020 01:58 PM PST Researchers detail subtle stabilizing effects in cells' ability to recognize coronaviruses that compromise the immune system. The discovery could lead to new targets to prevent disease.

Novel insights on cellular suicide could provide new avenues for cancer therapies Posted: 12 Nov 2020 01:58 PM PST When it comes to complex life -- that of the multicellular variety -- cell death can be just as important as survival. It allows organisms to clean house and prevent the proliferation of damaged cells that could compromise tissue function.

Chemists discover the structure of a key coronavirus protein Posted: 12 Nov 2020 12:58 PM PST Chemists have determined the molecular structure of a protein found in the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This protein forms a cation-selective channel and plays a key role in the virus's ability to replicate itself. If researchers could devise ways to block this channel, they may be able to reduce the pathogenicity of the virus and interfere with viral replication.

Key advance for printing circuitry on wearable fabrics Posted: 12 Nov 2020 12:58 PM PST Electronic shirts that keep the wearer comfortably warm or cool, as well as medical fabrics that deliver drugs, monitor the condition of a wound and perform other tasks, may one day be manufactured more efficiently thanks to a key research advance.

Stretchable 'skin' sensor gives robots human sensation Posted: 12 Nov 2020 12:58 PM PST Cornell University researchers have created a fiber-optic sensor that combines low-cost LEDs and dyes, resulting in a stretchable ''skin'' that detects deformations such as pressure, bending and strain. This sensor could give soft robotic systems - and anyone using augmented reality technology - the ability to feel the same rich, tactile sensations that mammals depend on to navigate the natural world.

Exercise classes can reduce loneliness, social isolation in seniors Posted: 12 Nov 2020 12:58 PM PST Seniors who joined group exercise classes experienced decreased loneliness and social isolation, according to a new study conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic. The classes have continued virtually since March, and early results suggest the online versions are also effective.

How to improve natural gas production in shale Posted: 12 Nov 2020 12:13 PM PST A new hydrocarbon study contradicts conventional wisdom about how methane is trapped in rock, revealing a new strategy to more easily access the valuable energy resource.

Ecotourism fans may be in it for the social posts Posted: 12 Nov 2020 11:54 AM PST A new study suggests ecotourism's altruistic attractions may be overshadowed by another benefit: photos for social media.

Pollution and pandemics: A dangerous mix Posted: 12 Nov 2020 11:54 AM PST Pollution may bear part of the blame for the rapid proliferation in the United States of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the spread of COVID-19, according to new research.

Weather-proof chip aims to take self-driving tech, wireless communications to next level Posted: 12 Nov 2020 11:54 AM PST A new device can overcome challenges like bad weather to deliver more secure, reliable communications. This could aid military communications in challenging areas, improve the ability of self-driving cars to see the environment around them and speed up wireless data for potential 6G networks.

Predicting the risk of severe side effects of cancer treatment Posted: 12 Nov 2020 11:40 AM PST The risk of serious adverse effects on the blood status and bone marrow of patients during chemotherapy can be predicted by a new model. This research may make it possible to use genetic analysis to identify patients with a high probability of side effects.

Soccer players' head injury risk could be reduced with simple adjustments to the ball Posted: 12 Nov 2020 11:40 AM PST To reduce risk of soccer player head injury, a new study recommends preventing how hard a ball hits the head by inflating balls to lower pressures and subbing them out when they get wet.

Common SARS-CoV-2 mutation may make COVID-19 more susceptible to a vaccine Posted: 12 Nov 2020 11:40 AM PST A common strain of coronavirus has mutated to help it spread quickly, but the spike mutation may make SARS-CoV-2 more susceptible to vaccines under development, according to a new study.

In a warming climate, can birds take the heat? Posted: 12 Nov 2020 11:40 AM PST We don't know precisely how hot things will get as climate change marches on, but animals in the tropics may not fare as well as their temperate relatives. Many scientists think tropical animals, because they're accustomed to a more stable thermal environment, may be pushed beyond their limits quickly as temperatures soar. Yet researchers show both temperate and tropical birds can handle acute heat stress better than expected.

Advancing fusion energy through improved understanding of fast plasma particles Posted: 12 Nov 2020 11:40 AM PST Scientists have developed a unique program to track the zig-zagging dance of hot, charged plasma particles that fuel fusion reactions.

Breaking it down: How cells degrade unwanted microRNAs Posted: 12 Nov 2020 11:40 AM PST Researchers have discovered a mechanism that cells use to degrade microRNAs (miRNAs), genetic molecules that regulate the amounts of proteins in cells.

Escape from Mars: How water fled the red planet Posted: 12 Nov 2020 11:40 AM PST Mars once had oceans but is now bone-dry, leaving many to wonder how the water was lost. Researchers have discovered a surprisingly large amount of water in the upper atmosphere of Mars, where it is rapidly destroyed, explaining part of this Martian mystery.

Mimicking SARS-CoV-2 nasal infection in monkeys Posted: 12 Nov 2020 11:40 AM PST A new rhesus macaque animal model recapitulates the clinical and pathological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) observed in humans by mimicking natural infection via the nasal route, according to a new study.

Environmentally friendly method could lower costs to recycle lithium-ion batteries Posted: 12 Nov 2020 11:40 AM PST A new process for restoring spent cathodes to mint condition could make it more economical to recycle lithium-ion batteries. The process, developed by nanoengineers, is more environmentally friendly than today's methods; it uses greener ingredients, consumes 80 to 90% less energy, and emits about 75% less greenhouse gases.

Re-mapping taste in the brain Posted: 12 Nov 2020 10:46 AM PST A new study found that the map of neural responses mediating taste perception does not involve, as previously believed, specialized groups of neurons in the brain, but rather overlapping and spatially distributed populations.

In mice, cadmium exposure during pregnancy linked to obesity in female offspring Posted: 12 Nov 2020 10:46 AM PST In a mouse study aimed at modeling human exposure to the toxic metal cadmium, researchers found that female offspring of mice exposed to cadmium during pregnancy became obese in adulthood, developed fatty livers and could not process glucose normally. Male offspring were not affected in the same way. The study also sheds light on how cadmium exposure could affect mitochondrial function and developmental signaling pathways in the liver.

Astrocytes identified as master 'conductors' of the brain Posted: 12 Nov 2020 10:46 AM PST A team of scientists has found that glial astrocytes are involved in regulating inhibitory synapses by binding to neurons through an adhesion molecule called NrCAM.

Birth of magnetar from colossal collision potentially spotted for first time Posted: 12 Nov 2020 10:46 AM PST Researchers spotted a short gamma ray burst 10 times brighter than predicted. The mysterious brightness might signal the birth of a rare magnetar, formed from two neutron stars merging, which has never before been observed.

Advanced atomic clock makes a better dark matter detector Posted: 12 Nov 2020 10:46 AM PST Researchers have used a state-of-the-art atomic clock to narrow the search for elusive dark matter, an example of how continual improvements in clocks have value beyond timekeeping.

Prototype fuel gauge for orbit Posted: 12 Nov 2020 10:46 AM PST Liquids aren't as well behaved in space as they are on Earth. Inside a spacecraft, microgravity allows liquids to freely slosh and float about. This behavior has made fuel quantity in satellites difficult to pin down, but a new 3D-imaging fuel gauge could offer an ideal solution.

New study outlines steps higher education should take to prepare a new quantum workforce Posted: 12 Nov 2020 10:46 AM PST A new study outlines ways colleges and universities can update their curricula to prepare the workforce for a new wave of quantum technology jobs. Researchers suggested steps that need to be taken after interviewing managers at more than 20 quantum technology companies across the U.S.

Scientists pinpoint two new potential therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis Posted: 12 Nov 2020 10:46 AM PST A collaborative team of scientists has pinpointed two new potential therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis - a painful inflammatory disease that affects an estimated 350 million people worldwide.

Americans likely to attend large holiday gatherings despite COVID-19, survey finds Posted: 12 Nov 2020 09:38 AM PST A new national survey finds that although a majority of Americans plan to take precautions at holiday gatherings, such as social distancing and asking those with COVID symptoms not to attend, many will also put themselves at risk. Nearly two in five report they will likely attend a gathering with more than 10 people and a third will not ask guests to wear masks.

Repeated small blasts put military, law enforcement at risk for brain injury Posted: 12 Nov 2020 09:38 AM PST Military and law-enforcement personnel repeatedly exposed to low-level blasts have significant brain changes - including an increased level of brain injury and inflammation -- compared with a control group, a new study has found.

Landslide along Alaskan fjord could trigger tsunami Posted: 12 Nov 2020 09:38 AM PST Scientists noted that the slope on Barry Arm fjord on Prince William Sound in southeastern Alaska slid some 120 meters from 2010 to 2017, a slow-moving landslide caused by glacial melt that could trigger a devastating tsunami. These are some of the first measurements to quantify how the slope is falling there; the study also models a potential tsunami.

Researchers create artificial cell organelles for biotechnology Posted: 12 Nov 2020 09:05 AM PST In a new study, researchers have succeeded in creating artificial cell organelles and using them for their own devised biochemical reactions.

The Strategic Stockpile failed; experts propose new approach to emergency preparedness Posted: 12 Nov 2020 09:05 AM PST A new analysis of the United States government's response to COVID-19 highlights myriad problems with an approach that relied, in large part, on international supply chains and the Strategic National Stockpile. A panel of academic and military experts is instead calling for a more dynamic, flexible approach to emergency preparedness at the national level.

Rats are capable of transmitting hantavirus Posted: 12 Nov 2020 08:31 AM PST Researchers have confirmed Germany's first-ever case of animal-to-human transmission involving a specific species of virus known as the 'Seoul virus'. Researchers were able to confirm the presence of the virus in a young female patient and her pet rat.

This tableware made from sugarcane and bamboo breaks down in 60 days Posted: 12 Nov 2020 08:31 AM PST Scientists have designed a set of 'green' tableware made from sugarcane and bamboo that doesn't sacrifice on convenience or functionality and could serve as a potential alternative to plastic cups and other disposable plastic containers, which can take as long as 450 years or require high temperatures to degrade. This non-toxic, eco-friendly material only takes 60 days to break down.

Researchers simulate privacy leaks in functional genomics studies Posted: 12 Nov 2020 08:31 AM PST Researchers demonstrate that it's possible to de-identify raw functional genomics data to ensure patient privacy. They also demonstrate how these raw data could be linked back to specific individuals through their gene variants by something as simple as an abandoned coffee cup if these sanitation measures are not put in place.

Holistic way to look at neurons in the brain Posted: 12 Nov 2020 08:31 AM PST A new lens on visual neurons is laying the groundwork for a more complete 'family tree' of the mammalian brain.

Fluvoxamine may prevent serious illness in COVID-19 patients, study suggests Posted: 12 Nov 2020 08:31 AM PST Researchers have completed a clinical trial suggesting that the antidepressant drug fluvoxamine may help prevent deterioration in COVID-19 patients, making hospitalization less likely.

New maps document big-game migrations across the western United States Posted: 12 Nov 2020 08:31 AM PST For the first time, state and federal wildlife biologists have come together to map the migrations of ungulates across America's West. The maps will help land managers and conservationists pinpoint actions necessary to keep migration routes open and functional to sustain healthy big-game populations.

Green Deal: Good for a climate-neutral Europe - bad for the planet Posted: 12 Nov 2020 08:31 AM PST Europe is to become the first climate-neutral continent- this goal of the 'Green Deal' was announced by the EU in late 2019. Carbon emissions shall be reduced, while forestation, agriculture, environmentally friendly transport, and renewable energies shall be pushed. In Nature, scientists show that this 'Green Deal' might be a bad deal for the planet, as the EU will outsource environmental damage by high imports of agricultural products.

Applying environmental genomics to coral conservation Posted: 12 Nov 2020 08:31 AM PST Coral reefs are extremely sensitive to temperature, making them particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. But some corals seem able to adapt. Researchers studied a reef in New Caledonia, combining approaches from environmental science and genomics to characterize their adaptive potential and develop targeted conservation strategies.

Innovative machine-learning approach for future diagnostic advances in Parkinson's disease Posted: 12 Nov 2020 08:31 AM PST Researchers have adopted a holistic machine-learning approach to elucidate how the interactions between neuronal mitochondria can serve as a powerful tool to distinguish nerve cells from Parkinson's patients from those belonging to healthy subjects, thereby providing new insights in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this neurodegenerative disorder.

Time for a new state of matter in high-temperature superconductors Posted: 12 Nov 2020 07:35 AM PST Scientists have pointed out how to create a 'time crystal' in an intriguing class of materials, the high-temperature superconductors. They propose to drive these superconducting materials into a time crystalline state by inducing Higgs excitations via light.

Children born extremely preterm are more likely to be diagnosed with depression Posted: 12 Nov 2020 07:35 AM PST A study using extensive nationwide registry data showed that girls born extremely preterm, earlier than 28 weeks gestational age, were three times more likely to be diagnosed with depression than peers born close to the expected date of delivery. Increased risk of depression also applied to girls and boys with poor fetal growth born full-term and post-term. The effects of poor fetal growth were more evident with increasing gestational age.

Smaller than ever: Exploring the unusual properties of quantum-sized materials Posted: 12 Nov 2020 07:09 AM PST Scientists have synthesized sub-nanometer particles with precisely controlled proportions of indium and tin using specific macromolecular templates called dendrimers. Through a screening process spanning different metallic ratios, they discovered unusual electronic states and optical properties originating from size-miniaturization and elemental-hybridization. Their approach could be a first step in the development of sub-nanoparticles with unique functionalities and characteristics for electronic, magnetic, and catalytic applications.

Individualized brain stimulation therapy improves language performance in stroke survivors Posted: 12 Nov 2020 07:09 AM PST Individualized brain stimulation therapy improves language performance in stroke survivors.

Is proton therapy the silver bullet for children with brain cancer? Posted: 12 Nov 2020 07:09 AM PST How safe is proton therapy for children with brain cancer compared to the conventional x-ray radiation delivered post-surgery?

Scientists discover possible genetic target for treating endometriosis Posted: 12 Nov 2020 07:08 AM PST Researchers have identified a potential genetic target for treating an especially painful and invasive form of endometriosis.

C4 rice's first wobbly steps towards reality Posted: 12 Nov 2020 07:08 AM PST An international long-term research collaboration aimed at creating high yielding and water use efficient rice varieties, has successfully installed part of the photosynthetic machinery from maize into rice.

The connectivity of multicomponent fluids in subduction zones Posted: 12 Nov 2020 07:08 AM PST A team of researchers has discovered more about the grain-scale fluid connectivity beneath the earth's surface, shedding new light on fluid circulation and seismic velocity anomalies in subduction zones.

Antiferromagnetic material's giant stride towards application Posted: 12 Nov 2020 07:08 AM PST The quest for high throughput intelligent computing paradigms - for big data and artificial intelligence - and the ever-increasing volume of digital information has led to an intensified demand for high-speed and low-power consuming next-generation electronic devices. The 'forgotten' world of antiferromagnets (AFM), a class of magnetic materials, offers promise in future electronic device development and complements present-day ferromagnet-based spintronic technologies.

Learning pathways could guide children who miss best start to improved literacy by age 11 Posted: 12 Nov 2020 06:31 AM PST A study of 7,000 children shows that the early talk and communication experienced when very young, while essential preparation for school, does not directly impact on literacy skills by age 11. Although talking, reading, or singing to a young child is very important, children who experience this less - typically those from less-advantaged backgrounds - need not be permanently disadvantaged. By targeting specific 'learning pathways', they could be helped to catch up with their more fortunate peers.

Dopamine surge reveals how even for mice, 'there's no place like home' Posted: 12 Nov 2020 06:31 AM PST ''There's no place like home,'' has its roots deep in the brain. Using fiber photometry, scientists are the first to show that home evokes a surge of dopamine in mice that mimics the response to a dose of cocaine. The study demonstrates how dopamine rises rapidly in mice moved from a simple recording chamber to their home cage, but less so when they return to a cage not quite like the one they knew.

Governments can curb over-fertilization in agriculture Posted: 12 Nov 2020 06:31 AM PST Many countries could be using less nitrogen fertilizer in their agriculture without compromising their crop yields, as an international research team is demonstrating.

Researchers show safer, more targeted way to deliver CRISPR gene therapy Posted: 12 Nov 2020 06:31 AM PST Biomedical researchers have come up with a novel way to use a beam of light to deliver CRISPR gene therapy molecules targeting illnesses.

Catalyzing a zero-carbon world by harvesting energy from living cells Posted: 12 Nov 2020 06:31 AM PST Scientists have achieved a breakthrough in converting energy-deficient metabolites to a biorenewable resource thanks to a versatile catalyst.

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