ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Weighing space dust with radar
• Hundreds of copies of Newton's Principia found in new census
• Researchers 3D print biomedical parts with supersonic speed
• Gene signature predicts whether localized prostate cancer is likely to spread
• Research identifies 'volume control' in the brain that supports learning and memory
• Researchers model source of eruption on Jupiter's moon Europa
• Strenuous work during pregnancy increases likelihood of overly high birth weight
• Radioactive elements may be crucial to the habitability of rocky planets
• When kids watch a lot of TV, parents may end up more stressed
• Two genes regulate social dominance
• Demolishing abandoned houses does not reduce nearby crime, study finds
• Survey of COVID-19 research provides fresh overview
• New technique may revolutionize accuracy and detection of biomechanical alterations of cells
• Glioblastoma nanomedicine crosses into brain in mice, eradicates recurring brain cancer
• A viable vaccine for tough tumors
• Frugal science: A low-cost way to decontaminate PPE equipment
• Studies outline key ethical questions surrounding brain-computer interface tech
• Drop in pandemic carbon dioxide emissions previews world of electric vehicles
• Kids' physical fitness is more important than BMI
• Crop diversification can improve environmental outcomes without sacrificing yields
• Black hole or no black hole: On the outcome of neutron star collisions
• New airflow videos show why masks with exhalation valves do not slow the spread of COVID-19
• Computer model can predict how COVID-19 spreads in cities
• Animal groups consider multiple factors before fighting
• Loneliness highest in the 20s and lowest in the 60s
• Large volcanic eruption caused the largest mass extinction
• Dietary overlap of birds, bats and dragonflies disadvantageous in insect decline
• 'Goldilocks' neonatal immune response may protect against autism
• Scientists have discovered an ancient lake bed deep beneath the Greenland ice
• Group size and makeup affect how social birds move together
• Study identifies new 'hidden' gene in COVID-19 virus
• Lack of positivity bias can predict relapse in bipolar disorder
• The universe is getting hot, hot, hot, a new study suggests
• Exoskeletons can reduce strain also in health care
• High temperatures threaten the survival of insects
• Sweet taste reduces appetite?
• Smart devices to schedule electricity use may prevent power outages
• Mining rocks in orbit could aid deep space exploration
• Prescriptions of antipsychotic medications in young children is declining
• Young survivors of acute myeloid leukemia have long-term complications from treatment
• Sticky electrons: When repulsion turns into attraction
• Chronic stress causes genetic changes in chickens
• Urban gulls adapt foraging schedule to human activity patterns
• Burnout can exacerbate work stress, further promoting a vicious circle
• Plasma treatments quickly kill coronavirus on surfaces
• Improving high-energy lithium-ion batteries with carbon filler
• Researchers discover the secret of how moss spreads
• Skills development in Physical AI could give birth to lifelike intelligent robots
• Swedish, Finnish and Russian wolves closely related
• Tracking down the causes of heart attack
• Veganism: Vitamin B12 is well supplemented, iodine is a matter of concern
• Female mongooses start battles for chance to mate
• Implantable sensor could measure bodily functions -- and then safely biodegrade
• Personalized cancer vaccine clinical trial to expand following promising early results
• Blue whirl flame structure revealed with supercomputers
• Uncovering novel genomes from Earth's microbiomes
• New study uses satellites and field studies to improve coral reef restoration
• Creating 3D virtual personas of all-solid-state batteries, building a better tomorrow
• Machine learning advances materials for separations, adsorption, and catalysis
• Printable ink guides cell growth, offers nerve injury hope

Weighing space dust with radar Posted: 10 Nov 2020 04:09 PM PST It is thought that over 1,000 kilograms of so-called interplanetary dust falls to Earth every day. This dust is essentially an untold number of small faint meteors, discarded remnants of asteroids and comets that pass by the Earth. Two ways to study faint meteors are radar and optical observations, each with advantages and limitations. Astronomers have combined specific observations with both methods, and can now use radar to make the kinds of observations that previously only optical telescopes could make.

Hundreds of copies of Newton's Principia found in new census Posted: 10 Nov 2020 01:56 PM PST A systematic search for copies of the first edition of Newton's Principia (1687) unearthed copies in at least 27 countries, yielding new insights about how people engaged with the famous book.

Researchers 3D print biomedical parts with supersonic speed Posted: 10 Nov 2020 01:56 PM PST Forget glue, screws, heat or other traditional bonding methods. Engineers have now developed a 3D printing technique that creates cellular metallic materials by smashing together powder particles at supersonic speed.

Gene signature predicts whether localized prostate cancer is likely to spread Posted: 10 Nov 2020 12:43 PM PST Researchers have identified a gene signature in localized prostate cancer that predicts the cancer's odds of spreading and its response to a common treatment for advanced disease.

Research identifies 'volume control' in the brain that supports learning and memory Posted: 10 Nov 2020 12:12 PM PST A molecular regulator made of analog signals is found to regulate electrical signals in the brain.

Researchers model source of eruption on Jupiter's moon Europa Posted: 10 Nov 2020 12:12 PM PST A new model shows how brine on Jupiter's moon Europa can migrate within the icy shell to form pockets of salty water that erupt to the surface when freezing. The findings, which are important for the upcoming Europa Clipper mission, may explain cryovolcanic eruptions across icy bodies in the solar system.

Strenuous work during pregnancy increases likelihood of overly high birth weight Posted: 10 Nov 2020 12:11 PM PST For the first time, researchers have attributed an understudied adverse fetal outcome to the strenuousness of an expectant mother's job.

Radioactive elements may be crucial to the habitability of rocky planets Posted: 10 Nov 2020 12:11 PM PST The amount of long-lived radioactive elements incorporated into a rocky planet as it forms may be a crucial factor in determining its future habitability. That's because internal heating from the radioactive decay of the heavy elements thorium and uranium drives plate tectonics and may be necessary for the planet to generate a magnetic field. Earth's magnetic field protects the planet from solar winds and cosmic rays.

When kids watch a lot of TV, parents may end up more stressed Posted: 10 Nov 2020 12:11 PM PST The more TV kids watch, the more ads they see and the more likely they are to ask for things on shopping trips. That may contribute to parents' overall stress levels, researchers found.

Two genes regulate social dominance Posted: 10 Nov 2020 12:11 PM PST Using the Nobel Prize gene-editing technique, a researcher has found that two genes regulate social dominance in cichlid fish and - possibly - humans.

Demolishing abandoned houses does not reduce nearby crime, study finds Posted: 10 Nov 2020 12:11 PM PST A study compared crime rates near abandoned houses that were demolished and similar properties that were not, finding no reduction in violent or property crime near those torn down. Findings suggest simply demolishing dangerous houses is not enough to reduce crime.

Survey of COVID-19 research provides fresh overview Posted: 10 Nov 2020 12:11 PM PST Researchers have explored all COVID-19 research published during the initial phase of the pandemic. The results, which were achieved by using a machine learning-based approach, will make it easier to direct future research to where it is most needed.

New technique may revolutionize accuracy and detection of biomechanical alterations of cells Posted: 10 Nov 2020 12:11 PM PST Scientists have developed an optical elastography technique that could revolutionize the accuracy and ease to which health professionals can detect biomechanical alterations of cells and tissues.

Glioblastoma nanomedicine crosses into brain in mice, eradicates recurring brain cancer Posted: 10 Nov 2020 12:11 PM PST A new synthetic protein nanoparticle capable of slipping past the nearly impermeable blood-brain barrier in mice could deliver cancer-killing drugs directly to malignant brain tumors, new research shows.

A viable vaccine for tough tumors Posted: 10 Nov 2020 12:11 PM PST While immunotherapies work well for some cancers, others are immune-resistant and condemn patients to the severe side effects of long-term chemo treatment. A new cancer vaccine successfully treated immune-resistant breast cancer in mice, 100% of which survived a second injection of cancer cells, indicating long-term immunity with no side effects.

Frugal science: A low-cost way to decontaminate PPE equipment Posted: 10 Nov 2020 12:11 PM PST Researchers have devised a system for decontaminating N95 masks using off-the-shelf materials that can be purchased at a hardware store, combined with ultraviolet type C (UV-C) lights found in academic research and industrial facilities.

Studies outline key ethical questions surrounding brain-computer interface tech Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:32 AM PST Brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies are no longer hypothetical, yet there are fundamental aspects of the technology that remain unaddressed by both ethicists and policy-makers.

Drop in pandemic carbon dioxide emissions previews world of electric vehicles Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:32 AM PST When the San Francisco Bay Area mandated shelter-in-place March 16, it created a natural experiment for UC Berkeley's Ron Cohen, who had established an inexpensive pollution sensor network in local neighborhoods. The sensors showed carbon dioxide emissions plummeting 25 percent in the subsequent six weeks, mostly because of a 48 percent drop in traffic. Networks like this -- soon to be emplaced in Glasgow -- can track greenhouse gases and progress toward lowering them, including the impact of electric vehicles.

Kids' physical fitness is more important than BMI Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:32 AM PST For adults, the goal of exercise is often to shed some pounds, but new research suggests the objective should be different for kids.

Crop diversification can improve environmental outcomes without sacrificing yields Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:32 AM PST Diversifying agricultural systems beyond a narrow selection of crops leads to a range of ecosystem improvements while also maintaining or improving yields, according to a new study that analyzed thousands of previously conducted experiments. Diversification practices such as crop rotations and planting prairie strips can lead to 'win-win' results that protect the environment without sacrificing yields, according to the analysis.

Black hole or no black hole: On the outcome of neutron star collisions Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:32 AM PST A new study investigates black-hole formation in neutron star mergers. Computer simulations show that the properties of dense nuclear matter play a crucial role, which directly links the astrophysical merger event to heavy-ion collision experiments at GSI and FAIR. These properties will be studied more precisely at the future FAIR facility.

New airflow videos show why masks with exhalation valves do not slow the spread of COVID-19 Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:32 AM PST Using high-speed video and schlieren imaging, a research engineer has created videos that show how air flows through masks with and without exhalation valves.

Computer model can predict how COVID-19 spreads in cities Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:32 AM PST A study of how 98 million Americans move around each day suggests that most infections occur at 'superspreader' sites, and details how mobility patterns help drive higher infection rates among minority and low-income populations.

Animal groups consider multiple factors before fighting Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:32 AM PST Groups of animals consider multiple factors before deciding whether to fight rivals, researchers say.

Loneliness highest in the 20s and lowest in the 60s Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:31 AM PST Seeking to develop effective interventions, researchers examined the psychological and environmental factors that lead to patterns of loneliness in different age groups.

Large volcanic eruption caused the largest mass extinction Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:31 AM PST Researchers say they have found more concrete evidence of the volcanic cause of the largest mass extinction of life. Their research looked at two discrete eruption events: one that was previously unknown to researchers, and the other that resulted in large swaths of terrestrial and marine life going extinct.

Dietary overlap of birds, bats and dragonflies disadvantageous in insect decline Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:31 AM PST According to a new study, different groups of insectivores compete for the same type of food. Researchers made the discovery by comparing birds, bats and dragonflies that forage in the same area in Southwest Finland. These very distantly related predators consumed the same insect groups. The results shed new light on the decline in insect populations.

'Goldilocks' neonatal immune response may protect against autism Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:31 AM PST New research shows that the lowest risk for autism spectrum disorder is associated with mid-levels of an immune marker measured at birth -- whereas too much or not enough were linked to increased risk.

Scientists have discovered an ancient lake bed deep beneath the Greenland ice Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:31 AM PST Scientists have detected what they say are the sediments of a huge ancient lake bed sealed more than a mile under the ice of northwest Greenland.

Group size and makeup affect how social birds move together Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:31 AM PST Scientists have shown that the size and makeup of groups of social birds can predict how efficiently they use and move through their habitat, according to new findings.

Study identifies new 'hidden' gene in COVID-19 virus Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:31 AM PST Researchers have discovered a new 'hidden' gene in SARS-CoV-2 -- the virus that causes COVID-19 -- that may have contributed to its unique biology and pandemic potential. In a virus that only has about 15 genes in total, knowing more about this and other overlapping genes -- or 'genes within genes' -- could have a significant impact on how we combat the virus.

Lack of positivity bias can predict relapse in bipolar disorder Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:31 AM PST Relapse in people with bipolar disorder can be predicted accurately by their tendency towards having pessimistic beliefs, according to a new study.

The universe is getting hot, hot, hot, a new study suggests Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:31 AM PST The universe is getting hotter, a new study has found. The study probed the thermal history of the universe over the last 10 billion years. It found that the mean temperature of gas across the universe has increased more than 10 times over that time period and reached about 2 million degrees Kelvin today -- approximately 4 million degrees Fahrenheit.

Exoskeletons can reduce strain also in health care Posted: 10 Nov 2020 10:27 AM PST Wearable exoskeletons are increasingly being used in physically demanding jobs to support good ergonomics and augment muscular strength. In ground-breaking studies, exoskeleton vests were worn by nurses to discover how the new technology would suit the special requirements of patient care.

High temperatures threaten the survival of insects Posted: 10 Nov 2020 08:25 AM PST Insects have difficulties handling the higher temperatures brought on by climate change, and might risk overheating. The ability to reproduce is also strongly affected by rising temperatures, even in northern areas of the world, according to a new study.

Sweet taste reduces appetite? Posted: 10 Nov 2020 08:25 AM PST To date, very little is known about how sweetness perception contributes to satiety. This study provides new insights into the relationship between the sweet taste of sugar, energy intake and the regulatory process of hunger and satiety.

Smart devices to schedule electricity use may prevent power outages Posted: 10 Nov 2020 08:25 AM PST Power plants generate electricity and send it into power lines that distribute energy to nodes where it can be used. But if the electricity load is more than the system's capacity, transmission can fail, leading to a cascade of failures throughout the electric grid. Researchers show demand side control may be an effective solution to stabilizing the reliability of power grids that use a mix of energy generation sources.

Mining rocks in orbit could aid deep space exploration Posted: 10 Nov 2020 08:25 AM PST The first mining experiments conducted in space could pave the way for new technologies to help humans explore and establish settlements on distant worlds, a study suggests.

Prescriptions of antipsychotic medications in young children is declining Posted: 10 Nov 2020 08:25 AM PST The use of antipsychotics in young children is declining but doctors continue to prescribe these medications off-label for conditions not approved by the Food and Drug Administration and without the recommended psychiatric consultation, a new study found.

Young survivors of acute myeloid leukemia have long-term complications from treatment Posted: 10 Nov 2020 08:25 AM PST Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients treated for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a high risk of developing several long-term health complications after treatment, a study has found. The most common complications were cardiovascular, endocrine and respiratory diseases. The complications - known as late effects - were more present among non-white AYA patients and those living in more deprived neighborhoods.

Sticky electrons: When repulsion turns into attraction Posted: 10 Nov 2020 08:25 AM PST Scientists explain what happens at a strange 'border line' in materials science: Under certain conditions, materials change from well-known behavior to different, partly unexplained phenomena. This can be explained by the emergence of attractive forces, counteracting the repulsion between electrons.

Chronic stress causes genetic changes in chickens Posted: 10 Nov 2020 08:25 AM PST How can stress in animals be measured? Scientists have now found that what are known as epigenetic biomarkers could be used to detect long-term exposure to stress in commercially raised chickens. This may, in time, lead to improved conditions in animal rearing.

Urban gulls adapt foraging schedule to human activity patterns Posted: 10 Nov 2020 08:25 AM PST If you've ever seen a seagull snatch a pasty or felt their beady eyes on your sandwich in the park, you'd be right to suspect they know exactly when to strike to increase their chances of getting a human snack. A new study is the most in-depth look to date at the foraging behaviors of urban gulls and how they've adapted to patterns of human activity in a city.

Burnout can exacerbate work stress, further promoting a vicious circle Posted: 10 Nov 2020 08:25 AM PST Work stress and burnout are mutually reinforcing; surprisingly, the effect of work stress on burnout is much smaller than the effect of burnout on work stress.

Plasma treatments quickly kill coronavirus on surfaces Posted: 10 Nov 2020 08:25 AM PST Plasma could yield a significant breakthrough in the fight against the spread of COVID-19. In a new study, modeling conducted showed strains of the coronavirus on surfaces like metal, leather, and plastic were killed in as little as 30 seconds of treatment with argon-fed, cold atmospheric plasma.

Improving high-energy lithium-ion batteries with carbon filler Posted: 10 Nov 2020 08:25 AM PST Lithium-ion batteries are the major rechargeable power source for many portable devices as well as electric vehicles, but their use is limited, because they do not provide high power output while simultaneously allowing reversible energy storage. New research aims to offer a solution by showing how the inclusion of conductive fillers improves battery performance.

Researchers discover the secret of how moss spreads Posted: 10 Nov 2020 08:25 AM PST Researchers have discovered how mosses became one of our planet's most widely distributed plants -- global wind systems transport them along Earth's latitudes, to rooftops, sidewalks and lawns worldwide, and as far away as Antarctica. This new knowledge can provide us with a better understanding of how other small organisms are spread, including airborne bacteria and organisms that produce airborne spores.

Skills development in Physical AI could give birth to lifelike intelligent robots Posted: 10 Nov 2020 08:25 AM PST New research suggests combining educational topics and research disciplines to help researchers breathe life into lifelike intelligent robots.

Swedish, Finnish and Russian wolves closely related Posted: 10 Nov 2020 08:25 AM PST The Scandinavian wolf originally came from Finland and Russia, and unlike many other European wolf populations its genetic constitution is virtually free from dog admixture. In addition, individuals have migrated into and out of Scandinavia. These findings have emerged from new research in which genetic material from more than 200 wolves was analyzed.

Tracking down the causes of heart attack Posted: 10 Nov 2020 08:25 AM PST Heart attacks strike suddenly and have a range of different triggers. Researchers were able to uncover a further underlying cause. Studying arterial deposits (plaque) in patients with acute coronary syndrome, the researchers found that, in some patients, these were characterized by activated immune cells which, as a result of altered flow conditions within the vessel, had accumulated on the interior arterial wall, causing damage to the arterial lining.

Veganism: Vitamin B12 is well supplemented, iodine is a matter of concern Posted: 10 Nov 2020 08:25 AM PST Those following a vegan diet have an increased risk of iodine deficiency.

Female mongooses start battles for chance to mate Posted: 10 Nov 2020 07:25 AM PST Female banded mongooses lead their groups into fights then try to mate with enemy males in the chaos of battle, new research shows.

Implantable sensor could measure bodily functions -- and then safely biodegrade Posted: 10 Nov 2020 07:25 AM PST Sensors that monitor a patient's condition during and after medical procedures can be expensive, uncomfortable and even dangerous. Now, an international team of researchers has designed a highly sensitive flexible gas sensor that can be implanted in the body -- and, after it's no longer needed, safely biodegrade into materials that are absorbed by the body.

Personalized cancer vaccine clinical trial to expand following promising early results Posted: 10 Nov 2020 07:25 AM PST A recent trial to study safety and effectiveness of a personalized cancer vaccine combined with immunotherapy drug Pembrolizumab will expand after promising preliminary data was presented. Researchers reported data on the first 10 patients with head and neck cancer.

Blue whirl flame structure revealed with supercomputers Posted: 10 Nov 2020 07:25 AM PST Main structure and flow structure of 'blue whirl' flame revealed through supercomputer simulations. Flame simulations entailed four million CPU hours. Further research on blue whirls might help scientists develop ways to burn fuels more cleanly.

Uncovering novel genomes from Earth's microbiomes Posted: 10 Nov 2020 07:25 AM PST The known diversity of bacteria and archaea has been expanded by 44% through a publicly available collection of more than 52,000 microbial genomes from environmental samples, resulting from a collaboration involving more than 200 scientists around the world.

New study uses satellites and field studies to improve coral reef restoration Posted: 10 Nov 2020 07:25 AM PST A recent study found evidence that particulate organic carbon levels are one of the most important factors in determining coral outplant survival.

Creating 3D virtual personas of all-solid-state batteries, building a better tomorrow Posted: 10 Nov 2020 07:25 AM PST Scientists are eyeing all-solid-state-lithium batteries as a safer alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries; but their performance needs much improvement. Now, with the 3D digital twin technology that a team from Korea has developed, a 3D digital replica of the real thing can be developed, and their solid interface microstructures can be studied in detail, potentially accelerating their advancement manifold.

Machine learning advances materials for separations, adsorption, and catalysis Posted: 10 Nov 2020 07:25 AM PST An artificial intelligence technique -- machine learning -- is helping accelerate the development of highly tunable materials known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that have important applications in chemical separations, adsorption, catalysis, and sensing.

Printable ink guides cell growth, offers nerve injury hope Posted: 10 Nov 2020 07:25 AM PST New research has cracked a major challenge in the emerging field of nerve engineering. The ink can concentrate neuron growth where it is needed, meticulously guiding cells to regrow in lines between the broken ends of a nerve.

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