ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• ALMA shows volcanic impact on Io's atmosphere
• Genome sequencing shows climate barrier to spread of Africanized bees
• Highly effective tumor detection strategy for common childhood brain tumors
• Smile, wave: Some exoplanets may be able to see us, too
• Observed COVID-19 variability may have underlying molecular sources
• DNA: At our cores, we're all strengthened by 'dumbbells'
• Genome archeologists discover path to activate immune response against cancer
• Novel method for measuring spatial dependencies turns less data into more data
• Tumor DNA in spinal fluid could help doctors better monitor childhood brain cancer
• Delivering proteins to testes could someday treat male infertility
• A flexible color-changing film inspired by chameleon skin
• Chili-shaped device could reveal just how hot that pepper is
• Americans' responses to COVID-19 stay-home orders differed according to population density
• Protected areas help waterbirds adapt to climate change
• How do snakes 'see' in the dark? Researchers have an answer
• MonoEye: A human motion capture system using a single wearable camera
• Kitchen temperature supercurrents from stacked 2D materials
• The consequences of mating at the molecular level
• Simple software creates complex wooden joints
• This white paint keeps surfaces cooler than surroundings, even under direct sunlight
• Transcription factors may inadvertently lock in DNA mistakes
• Deep magma facilitates the movement of tectonic plates
• Scientists take major step toward Angelman Syndrome gene therapy
• Diagnosing Parkinson's disease with skin samples could lead to earlier detection
• This beetle can survive getting run over by a car. Engineers are figuring out how
• Seeing no longer believing: the manipulation of online images
• Nanogenerator 'scavenges' power from their surroundings
• AI and photonics join forces to make it easier to find 'new Earths'
• New sediment archive for historical climate research
• Vitamin A boosts fat burning in cold conditions
• Animal-based research: New experimental design for an improved reproducibility
• The new heavy isotope mendelevium-244 and a puzzling short-lived fission activity
• Virtual Reality health appointments can help patients address eating disorders
• Cognitive performance - Better than our predecessors
• Congress must clarify limits of gene-editing technologies
• Legacy pollutants found in migratory terns in Great Lakes region
• Bronze Age herders were less mobile than previously thought
• 3D hand pose estimation using a wrist-worn camera
• What cold lizards in Miami can tell us about climate change resilience
• Lily the barn owl reveals how birds fly in gusty winds
• Evidence review confirms CDC guidance about infectivity of novel coronavirus
• High flavanol diet may lead to lower blood pressure
• Hypothyroidism in pregnant mothers linked to ADHD in their children
• Community noise may affect dementia risk
• Does classroom indoor environmental quality affect teaching and learning?
• The effects of wildfires and spruce beetle outbreaks on forest temperatures
• Phase 3 clinical trial to treat mild Alzheimer's disease using deep brain stimulation

ALMA shows volcanic impact on Io's atmosphere Posted: 21 Oct 2020 01:39 PM PDT New radio images from ALMA show for the first time the direct effect of volcanic activity on the atmosphere of Jupiter's moon Io.

Genome sequencing shows climate barrier to spread of Africanized bees Posted: 21 Oct 2020 01:39 PM PDT Since the 1950s, 'Africanized' honeybees have spread north and south across the Americas until apparently coming to a halt in California and northern Argentina. Now genome sequencing of hundreds of bees from the northern and southern limits shows a gradual decline in African ancestry across hundreds of miles, rather than an abrupt shift.

Highly effective tumor detection strategy for common childhood brain tumors Posted: 21 Oct 2020 01:39 PM PDT A team of scientists have developed a way to more accurately both detect and monitor a common type of pediatric brain cancer, setting the stage for giving clinicians a real-time view into how the cancer responds to treatment.

Smile, wave: Some exoplanets may be able to see us, too Posted: 21 Oct 2020 11:09 AM PDT Three decades after astronomer Carl Sagan suggested that Voyager 1 snap Earth's picture from billions of miles away - resulting in the iconic Pale Blue Dot photograph - two astronomers now offer another unique cosmic perspective: Some exoplanets - planets from beyond our own solar system - have a direct line of sight to observe Earth's biological qualities from far, far away.

Observed COVID-19 variability may have underlying molecular sources Posted: 21 Oct 2020 11:09 AM PDT People have different susceptibilities to SARS-CoV-2, the virus behind the COVID-19 pandemic, and develop varying degrees of fever, fatigue, and breathing problems -- common symptoms of the illness. What might explain this variation? Scientists may have an answer to this mystery.

DNA: At our cores, we're all strengthened by 'dumbbells' Posted: 21 Oct 2020 11:09 AM PDT Scientists detail the structure of dumbbell-like sequences in DNA during interphase that suggest several unseen aspects of chromosome configuration and function.

Genome archeologists discover path to activate immune response against cancer Posted: 21 Oct 2020 11:09 AM PDT Ancient embedded elements in our DNA from generations past can activate a powerful immune response to kill cancer cells like an infection.

Novel method for measuring spatial dependencies turns less data into more data Posted: 21 Oct 2020 11:09 AM PDT Researcher makes 'little data' act big through, the application of mathematical techniques normally used for time-series, to spatial processes.

Tumor DNA in spinal fluid could help doctors better monitor childhood brain cancer Posted: 21 Oct 2020 10:01 AM PDT Researchers have demonstrated that a new liquid biopsy approach overcomes traditional barriers to quickly and efficiently diagnose and monitor high-grade pediatric gliomas.

Delivering proteins to testes could someday treat male infertility Posted: 21 Oct 2020 10:01 AM PDT According to the Mayo Clinic, about 15% of couples are infertile, and male infertility plays a role in over one-third of these cases. Often, problems with sperm development are to blame. Now, researchers have found a way to deliver a protein important for sperm cell production directly to mouse testicles, where it restored normal sperm development and allowed previously infertile mice to father pups.

A flexible color-changing film inspired by chameleon skin Posted: 21 Oct 2020 10:01 AM PDT Chameleons can famously change their colors to camouflage themselves, communicate and regulate their temperature. Scientists have tried to replicate these color-changing properties for stealth technologies, anti-counterfeiting measures and electronic displays, but the materials have limitations. Now, researchers have developed a flexible film that changes color in response to stretching, pressure or humidity.

Chili-shaped device could reveal just how hot that pepper is Posted: 21 Oct 2020 10:01 AM PDT Some people love spicy food -- the hotter, the better. Others go out of their way to avoid the palate-singeing burn of capsaicin, the compound that gives chili peppers their kick. Now, researchers have developed a portable device (whimsically shaped like a chili pepper) that can reveal how much capsaicin a pepper contains, before biting into it.

Americans' responses to COVID-19 stay-home orders differed according to population density Posted: 21 Oct 2020 10:01 AM PDT Americans strongly reduced their visits to grocery stores, pharmacies, and transit stations following stay-at-home orders from mayors and governors earlier this year, but did not reduce their visits to parks and beaches.

Protected areas help waterbirds adapt to climate change Posted: 21 Oct 2020 10:01 AM PDT Climate change pushes species distribution areas northward. However, the expansion of species ranges is not self-evident due to e.g. habitat degradation and unsustainable harvesting caused by human activities. A new study suggests that protected areas can facilitate wintering waterbird adaptation to climate warming by advancing their range shifts towards north.

How do snakes 'see' in the dark? Researchers have an answer Posted: 21 Oct 2020 10:01 AM PDT Certain species of snake -- think pit vipers, boa constrictors and pythons, among others -- are able to find and capture prey with uncanny accuracy, even in total darkness. Now scientists have discovered how these creatures are able to convert the heat from organisms that are warmer than their ambient surroundings into electrical signals, allowing them to 'see' in the dark.

MonoEye: A human motion capture system using a single wearable camera Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:24 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new human motion capture system that consists of a single ultra-wide fisheye camera mounted on the user's chest. The simplicity of their system could be conducive to a wide range of applications in the sports, medical and entertainment fields.

Kitchen temperature supercurrents from stacked 2D materials Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:24 AM PDT A 'stack' of 2D materials could allow for supercurrents at ground-breakingly warm temperatures, easily achievable in the household kitchen. An international study opens a new route to high-temperature supercurrents -- at temperatures, as 'warm' as inside your kitchen fridge. (Previously, superconductivity has been difficult even at temperatures as low as -170°C, making superconductivity impractical for many of its most exciting applications.)

The consequences of mating at the molecular level Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:24 AM PDT Researchers identified a novel mechanism by which mating affects the behavior of germline stem cells (GSCs). By studying Drosophila melanogaster, the researchers showed that the neurons that are activated during mating result in increased intracellular calcium signaling in cells adjacent to GSCs, which in turn resulted in the activation of the protein matrix metalloproteinase to increase GSCs. This study describes how stem cell behavior is regulated by environmental cues.

Simple software creates complex wooden joints Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:24 AM PDT Wood is considered an attractive construction material for both aesthetic and environmental purposes. Construction of useful wood objects requires complicated structures and ways to connect components together. Researchers created a novel 3D design application to hugely simplify the design process and also provide milling machine instructions to efficiently produce the designed components. The designs do not require nails or glue, meaning items made with this system can be easily assembled, disassembled, reused, repaired or recycled.

This white paint keeps surfaces cooler than surroundings, even under direct sunlight Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:23 AM PDT Scientists have developed a white paint that cools below the temperature of its ambient surroundings even under direct sunlight. Their research demonstrates a radiative cooling technology that could be used in commercial paints, that could be less expensive to manufacture, and that passively reflects 95.5% of sunlight that reaches its surface back into outer space.

Transcription factors may inadvertently lock in DNA mistakes Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:23 AM PDT A team of researchers has found that transcription factors have a tendency to bind strongly to 'mismatched' sections of DNA, i.e. sections of the genome that were not copied correctly. The strong binding of transcription factors to these mismatched sections of regulatory DNA might be a way in which random mutations become a problem that leads to disease, including cancer.

Deep magma facilitates the movement of tectonic plates Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:23 AM PDT A small amount of molten rock located under tectonic plates encourages them to move. This is what scientists have recently discovered. Their new model takes into account not only the velocity of seismic waves but also the way in which they are attenuated by the medium they pass through. The velocity of tectonic plates near the surface is thus directly correlated with the quantity of magma present.

Scientists take major step toward Angelman Syndrome gene therapy Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:23 AM PDT Babies born with a faulty maternal copy of the UBE3A gene will develop Angelman syndrome, a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with no cure and limited treatments. Now, for the first time, scientists show that gene editing and gene therapy techniques can be used to restore UBE3A in human neuron cultures and treat deficits in an animal model of Angelman syndrome.

Diagnosing Parkinson's disease with skin samples could lead to earlier detection Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:23 AM PDT New research shows a simple skin test can accurately identify Parkinson's disease, which could lead to earlier detection of the disease and better outcomes for patients. Currently, Parkinson's disease is diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms but only definitively diagnosed at autopsy. The researchers conducted a blinded study of 50 skin samples using an assay originally designed to detect mad cow disease.

This beetle can survive getting run over by a car. Engineers are figuring out how Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:23 AM PDT Getting run over by a car is not a near-death experience for the diabolical ironclad beetle. How the beetle survives could inspire the development of new materials with the same herculean toughness, engineers show.

Seeing no longer believing: the manipulation of online images Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:23 AM PDT A peace sign from Martin Luther King, Jr, becomes a rude gesture; dolphins in Venice's Grand Canal - manipulated or mis-used images posted as truth. Researchers say image editing software is so common and easy to use, it has the power to re-imagine history. Even the White House is doing it and deadline-driven journalists lack the tools to tell the difference, especially when images come from social media.

Nanogenerator 'scavenges' power from their surroundings Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:23 AM PDT Imagine a mobile phone charger that doesn't need a wireless or mains power source. Or a pacemaker with inbuilt organic energy sources within the human body. Researchers are picking up the challenge of 'scavenging' invisible power from low-frequency vibrations in the surrounding environment, including wind, air or even contact-separation energy (static electricity).

AI and photonics join forces to make it easier to find 'new Earths' Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:23 AM PDT By combining photonics with artificial intelligence, scientists have developed a sensor that will help decipher the 'twinkle' of stars and allow for Earth-based exploration of planets around distant stars.

New sediment archive for historical climate research Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:23 AM PDT Geological investigations of low-temperature young deposits on the Styrian Erzberg provide paleoclimatology with new data on the Earth's history and its development.

Vitamin A boosts fat burning in cold conditions Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:23 AM PDT A recent study shows that cold ambient temperatures increase vitamin A levels in humans and mice. This helps convert 'bad' white adipose tissue into 'good' brown adipose tissue which stimulates fat burning and heat generation.

Animal-based research: New experimental design for an improved reproducibility Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:16 AM PDT In research, the results of studies must be precise and reproducible. Behavioral scientists have been able to demonstrate that a new experimental design can improve the reproducibility and validity of results from studies involving animal experiments.

The new heavy isotope mendelevium-244 and a puzzling short-lived fission activity Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:16 AM PDT A team of scientists has provided new insights into the fission processes in exotic nuclei and for this, has produced the hitherto unknown nucleus mendelevium-244. The experiments were part of 'FAIR Phase 0', the first stage of the FAIR experimental program.

Virtual Reality health appointments can help patients address eating disorders Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:16 AM PDT Research has revealed that Virtual Reality (VR) technology can have significant impact on the validity of remote health appointments for those with eating disorders, through a process called Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET).

Cognitive performance - Better than our predecessors Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:16 AM PDT We employ our cognitive skills daily to assimilate and process information. A new empirical study shows that we do better at this task than those born a century ago. But cognitive capacity still begins to stagnate at around the age of 35.

Congress must clarify limits of gene-editing technologies Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:15 AM PDT How the next Congress decides to handle the issue editing human sperm and eggs will affect the science, ethics and financing of genomic editing for decades to come, said a law professor who studies the ethical and policy implications of advanced biotechnologies.

Legacy pollutants found in migratory terns in Great Lakes region Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:15 AM PDT Chemicals that haven't been manufactured in the U.S. for years or even decades are still turning up in the bodies of migratory terns in the Great Lakes region, a new study finds. The research focused on three types of compounds: PBDEs, PCBs, and the breakdown products, called metabolites, of DDT.

Bronze Age herders were less mobile than previously thought Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:15 AM PDT Bronze Age pastoralists in what is now southern Russia apparently covered shorter distances than previously thought. It is believed that the Indo-European languages may have originated from this region, and these findings raise new questions about how technical and agricultural innovations spread to Europe.

3D hand pose estimation using a wrist-worn camera Posted: 21 Oct 2020 08:15 AM PDT Researchers have developed a wrist-worn device for 3D hand pose estimation. The system consists of a camera that captures images of the back of the hand, and is supported by a neural network called DorsalNet which can accurately recognize dynamic gestures.

What cold lizards in Miami can tell us about climate change resilience Posted: 21 Oct 2020 05:51 AM PDT When temperatures go below a critical limit, sleeping lizards lose their grip and fall out of trees. But when researchers collected the scaled survivors of a record cold snap, they discovered that a Miami lizard community responded in an unexpected way: all of them could now tolerate cold temperatures down to about 42 degrees Fahrenheit, regardless of their species' previous ability to withstand cold.

Lily the barn owl reveals how birds fly in gusty winds Posted: 21 Oct 2020 05:51 AM PDT Scientists have discovered how birds are able to fly in gusty conditions - findings that could inform the development of bio-inspired small-scale aircraft.

Evidence review confirms CDC guidance about infectivity of novel coronavirus Posted: 21 Oct 2020 05:51 AM PDT A new review of dozens of studies suggests that people may shed virus for prolonged periods, but those with mild or no symptoms may be infectious for no more than about 10 days. People who are severely ill from COVID-19 may be infectious for as long as 20 days, according to the review.

High flavanol diet may lead to lower blood pressure Posted: 21 Oct 2020 05:51 AM PDT People who consume a diet including flavanol-rich foods and drinks, including tea, apples and berries, could lead to lower blood pressure, according to the first study using objective measures of thousands of UK residents' diet.

Hypothyroidism in pregnant mothers linked to ADHD in their children Posted: 21 Oct 2020 05:51 AM PDT Low levels of key, body-regulating chemicals in mothers during the first three months of pregnancy may interfere with the baby's brain development, a large study shows.

Community noise may affect dementia risk Posted: 21 Oct 2020 05:51 AM PDT Results from a new study support emerging evidence suggesting that noise may influence individuals' risk of developing dementia later in life.

Does classroom indoor environmental quality affect teaching and learning? Posted: 21 Oct 2020 05:51 AM PDT What impact does a classroom's indoor environment have on teaching, learning, and students' academic achievement in colleges and universities? This is the question researchers set out to answer in their analysis of all relevant published studies.

The effects of wildfires and spruce beetle outbreaks on forest temperatures Posted: 21 Oct 2020 05:51 AM PDT Results indicate that wildfires may play a role in accelerating climate-driven species changes in mountain forests by compounding regional warming trends.

Phase 3 clinical trial to treat mild Alzheimer's disease using deep brain stimulation Posted: 21 Oct 2020 05:51 AM PDT Medical researchers are enrolling individuals in an international phase 3 clinical trial to examine the safety and effectiveness of deep brain stimulation to treat Alzheimer's. The study uses electrical impulses to stimulate the region of the brain known as the fornix, which is associated with memory and learning.

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